these are signals used in communication to indicate when one person has finished speaking, and another can begin.
non-verbal turn-taking
The primary purpose of maintaining ____ during a conversation is to show engagement and interest. It signals to the speaker that you actively listen and value what they are saying, which helps build rapport and trust.
eye contact
these are strategies speakers use to maintain their turn in a conversation and prevent interruptions.
floor-holding tactics
these include using fillers (e.g., "um," "uh"), raising intonation, pausing mid-sentence, repetition, hand gestures, and summarizing before continuing.
floor-holding tactics
this is used to ensure the speaker can fully express their thoughts without interruption, maintain conversation control, ensure clarity, reduce misunderstandings, and manage the interaction flow.
floor-holding tactics
these are words or phrases used in conversation to organize speech, manage the flow of dialogue, and signal relationships between ideas. Examples include "well," "so," "however," "you know," "I mean," and "on the other hand."
discourse markers
it is the study of the fundamental principles and abstract rules that underlie the structure of a language.
theoretical grammar
it is the analysis and description of how language is used by speakers.
descriptive grammar
this is used to explain the universal aspects of language and the mental processes involved in language use.
theoretical grammar
this is used To document and understand the rules and patterns observed in real-world language use without making judgments.
descriptive grammar
A theory of grammar developed by Noam Chomsky that focuses on how different sentence structures can be transformed into one another.
transformational grammar
this is used to explain how deep structures (abstract representations of sentence meaning) are transformed into surface structures (actual spoken or written sentences).
transformational grammar
these refer to the set of rules and norms about how language should be used
prescriptive grammar
this is to provide guidelines for proper or standard language use, often based on historical or authoritative sources.
prescriptive grammar
4 Linguistic Parcels
Slang
Colloquialism
Contractions
Jargon
these are the informal words or phrases that are typically used in specific social groups and are not considered standard in formal language.
slang
these are informal words, phrases, or expressions used in everyday conversation, often regionally or culturally specific.
colloquialism
these are shortened forms of words or phrases created by omitting one or more letters, usually used in informal or conversational speech.
contractions
these are the specialized terminology or language used by people in a particular profession, industry, or group that may be unfamiliar to those outside that group
jargon
It is the most accepted linguistic parcel in formal English.