CHAPTER 2

• Autoclave


  Instrument for sterilizing that uses steam under pressure
• Autogenous Infection


  Infection from one's own flora
• Biohazard


  Anything that is potentially hazardous to humans, living organisms, or the environment
• Blood-Borne Pathogen


  A pathogen that is spread by blood and body fluids containing blood. Typically, the pathogens are hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Body Substance Isolation (BSI)


  The type of isolation that expanded universal precautions to require glove use when contacting all body substances
• Category-Specific Isolation


  Isolation based on the category (strict, respiratory, etc.) of isolation
• Chemical Hazard


  Any element, chemical compound, or mixture of elements and/or compounds that causes physical or health hazards
• Communicable Disease


  Disease that is spread from person to person
• Disease-Specific Isolation


  Isolation based on the type of disease infecting the patient
• Employee Input


  Involvement of nonmanagerial, frontline employees in decisions for the use of needle safety devices
• Engineering Controls


  Controls that isolate or remove blood-borne pathogens hazardous for the workplace
• Exposure Control Plan


  A plan that identifies those tasks and procedures in which occupational exposure may occur and identifies the positions whose duties include those tasks or procedures
• Irritant Contact Dermatitis


  Irritation and redness of the skin by direct contact with a chemical irritant
• Latex Allergy


  An allergy to natural rubber latex. It is an allergy to the latex proteins that are released in the use of latex-containing products
• Local Infection


  An infection affecting only one area of the body
• Nosocomial Infection


  Also known as health care-associated or hospital-acquired infection. Infection that develops in a patient 48 hours or more after admission to a hospital or health facility
• Other Potentially Infectious Material (OPIM)

  Human body fluids, unfixed tissue or blood, and organs or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)


  Equipment that is used to protect the health care associate from exposure to blood and body fluids
• Recordkeeping


  Maintaining information and records of any job-related injuries
• Sharps Container


  Specially labeled puncture-resistant containers for the disposal of sharp items such as needles, scalpels, and syringes
• Standard Precautions


  Assumes that all blood and most body fluids are potentially infectious. A principle maintaining that personal protective equipment must be worn for contact with all body fluids whether blood is visible or not
• Systemic Infection


  An infection affecting the entire body
• Transmission-Based Precautions


  Isolation precautions taken for patients diagnosed or suspected of a specific transmissible disease. The precautions are based on whether the disease is transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact
• Universal Precautions


  A principle to protect health care associates from infections as a result to exposure to body fluids. A term now replaced by standard precautions