Organic Molecules

• What are the functional groups?

  • Halogens
  • Alcohols
  • Amines
  • Carboxylic Acids
  • Esters
  • Aldehydes
  • Ketones
  • Primary Amides
• How to identify Halogens?


  Group 17 Elements attached to a hydrocarbon chain

  eg: F, Cl, Br, I
• How to identify Alcohols?

  Hydroxyl Group

  • O-H
• How to identify Amines?

  NH2

  A) N

  B) H

  C) H

  
• How to identify Carboxylic Acids?

  Functional group with COOH

  • C is double bonded to one of the O's
• How to identify Esters?

  COO (C double bonded to O) in the middle of the chain

  • Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol = Ester + Water
• How to identify Aldehydes?

  CHO (C double bonded to O) on the first carbon
• How to identify Ketones?

  C=O (C double bonded to O) on the middle carbon
• How to identify Primary Amides?

  CONH2 (C double bonded to O)
• Intramolecular vs Intermolecular?

  Intra means within molecules

  Inter means between molecules
• Intermolecular forces (IMF's) in order of strength - decreasing?

  Dispersion

  Dipoles

  H-Bonds

  Ion-Dipole
• Functional Group: Ketone

  Name: butan-2-one

  
• Functional Group: Ester

  Name: propyl ethanoate

  
• Functional Group: Aldehyde

  Name: propanal

  
• Functional Group: Amine

  Name: butan-2-amine

  
• Functional Group: Hydroxyl (alcohol)

  Name: butan-2-ol

  
• Functional Group: Halogens

  Name: 2-chloro-2-fluorobutane

  
• Name: cyclohexane

  
• Name: Benzene

  
• Name: Benzene

  
• Name: Benzene