battery

• s39 criminal justice act 1988
• battery = applying unlawful force to the victim
• actus reus = application of unlawful force
• slightest touching (Collins v Wilcock)
• force can be indirect (Haystead)
• act can be indirect (DPP v K)
• omission sufficient for actus reus (DPP v Santa Bermudez)
• mens rea = applying force on the victim
• intention (Mohan)
• subjective recklessness (Cunningham)