CHEM (organic vs inorganic) w/ introduction

• Organic compounds


  Contain carbon, usually bonded to hydrogen
• Inorganic compounds


  Usually don't contain carbon
• Organic compounds


  • DNA
  • Sugar
  • Methane
  • Ethanol
• Organic compound


  Based on C, Nonelectrolyte, Covalent bonding, Low boiling and melting point, Soluble in nonpolar solvents, Complex structure, Millions of compounds
• Inorganic compound


  Not based on C, Electrolyte (acids, bases, salts), Ionic bonding, High boiling and melting point, Soluble in polar solvents (water), Simple structure, Thousands of compounds
• Organic compounds are characterized by the presence of carbon atoms in them
• Organic compounds are more volatile and also highly inflammable
• Inorganic compounds do not have carbon atoms in them
• Inorganic compounds are not inflammable and are non-volatile in nature
• Inorganic compounds exist in the form of solids, gases, and liquids
• Organic compounds have the carbon-hydrogen bonds
• Inorganic compounds do not have the carbon-hydrogen bonds
• Organic molecules


  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Benzene
• Organic chemistry


  Study of molecules that contain carbon compounds
• Inorganic chemistry


  Study of all compounds that do NOT contain carbon compounds
• Organic compounds are less soluble in water
• Inorganic compounds are soluble in water
• Organic compounds are more inflammable (more volatile) but are poorer conductors of heat and electricity
• Inorganic compounds are less inflammable and are good conductors of heat and electricity
• Chemistry is the study of matter and its structure, properties and the transformations from one form of matter to another
• Torbern Bergman identified the difference between inorganic and organic


  1770
• Jons Jacob Berzelius coined the term "organic chemistry"


  1807
• Friedrich Wohler demonstrated the conversion of inorganic to organic (urea)


  1828
• August Kekule established that carbon is tetravalent


  1858
• Jacobus van't Hoff and Joseph Le Bel showed that carbons are tetrahedral

  1874
• Molecular shapes of organic compounds

  • Linear 180°, 2 groups
  • Trigonal planar 120°, 3 groups
  • Tetrahedral 109.5°, 4 groups
  • Trigonal planar 109.5°, 4 groups (11p)
  • Bent 105°, 4 groups (21p)
• Polarity of organic compounds

  • Nonpolar if atoms have similar electronegativity
  • Polar if atoms have different electronegativity
• Isomerism

  Structural arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• Hydrocarbon

  Contains carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Heteroatom

  Atom that is not carbon or hydrogen, common heteroatoms: N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
• Classification of hydrocarbons

  • Saturated - single bonds
  • Unsaturated - multiple bonds
• Structure of hydrocarbons

  • Aliphatic/Acyclic - open chain
  • Cyclic - closed chain, without double bonds
  • Aromatic/Arene - benzene ring, with double bonds
• Organic compounds are generally derived from living organisms
• Inorganic compounds are generally derived from non-living sources
• Chemistry- study of matter, structure, properties, and transformations.

  • Branches of Chemistry:

  1. Organic
  2. Inorganic-
  3. Physical- physical properties/physics properties.
  4. Analytical- quantitative branches, deals with identification, separation, and quantification of substances.
  5. Biochemistry- studies biological structure/ covers living organisms.
  6. Industrial- raw products turn into new products.
  7. Nuclear- study of nuclear reactions, used in cures/treatments.