cells

• Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.They can either be eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
• What are eukaryotic cells?

  Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles - they are complex and are in plant & animal cells
• What are prokaryotic cells?

  Cells without a nucleus and are single-celled organisms - they are smaller and simpler and is in bacteria
• What subcellular structures are animals cells made up of?

  They have a: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.
• What subcellular structures are plant cells made up of?

  They have a: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosmomes, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts.
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  It contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell and stores DNA.
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?

  It has a gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place and contains enzymes that controls the chemical reactions.
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
• What is the function of the mitochondria?

  It is where respiration takes place and transfers energy needed for the cells to work.
• What is the function of the ribosomes?

  It makes proteins for the cells that can be used in protein synthesis.
• What are the 3 extra subcellular structures that a plant cell has?

  • cell wall
  • vacuole
  • chloroplasts
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  It is made of cellulose and strengthens and supports the plant.
• What is the function of a vacuole?

  It contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts which supports the cell.
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  It is where photosynthesis takes place, which makes food for the plant and they contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
• What are bacterial cells?

  They have no nucleus and are smaller than plant/ animal cells.
• What subcellular structures are bacterial cells made up of?

  They have: chromosomal DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane, plasmid DNA and a flagellum.
• What is the function of chromosomal DNA?

  It is one long circular chromosome that controls the cell's activities and replication, it floats free in the cytoplasm.
• What is the function of plasmid DNA?

  It is small loops of extra DNA that aren't part of the chromosome, they contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
• What is the function of the flagellum?

  It is a long hair-like structure that rotates to make the bacteria move away from harmful substances (toxins) and move towards beneficial things (nutrients/oxygen).