Reproductive

• Scrotum

  • regulates temperature for spermatogenesis
• Testes

  • produces sperm, spermatozoa
  • divide into lobules
  • 1~4 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules
• Interstitial cells

  • produce testosterone
  • sperm maturation
  • masculine features
• Epididymis

  • coiled tube on posterior of testes
  • sperm complete maturation
  • flagella become functional
• Vas Deferens

  • continuation of epididymis
  • propels sperm towards urethra
• Ejaculatory duct

  • Joins vas deferens, (duct) seminal vesicles
  • Left and right empties into a single urethra
• Urethra

  • Conducts semen to exterior
• Seminal vesicle

  • seminal glands
  • smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation
• Seminal Vesicle - Secretion:

  • alkaline
  • fructose
  • prostaglandin
  • clotting proteins
  • 60~70% of semen
• Prostate Gland - Secretion

  • milky
  • enzymes
  • seminalplasmin
  • 25% of semen
• Bulbourethral Gland

  • alkaline
  • mucous
  • precum
• Penis

  • Root
  • Shaft
  • Glans
• Corpus cavernosa: A cylindrical structure that contains the seminiferous tubules
• Corpus spongiosum: erectile tissue
• Sperm Cell

  • Head: Acrosome, enzyme lysozyme
  • Middle: Mitochondria for ATP
  • Flagellum: Mobility
• Female Reproductive System

  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian Tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
  • External genital structures
• Ovary

  • Primary sex organ of females
  • Produce sex hormones
  • Gonads
• Fallopian Tubes

  • Fimbriae sweeps ovum into tube
  • Peristaltic contractions propel oocyte to uterus
• Uterus

  • Implants zygote
  • Fetal development
  • Contractions during labor (oxytocin)
• Vagina

  • Acidic
  • Microbiota inhibits pathogen growth
  • Passage for menstrual fluids, spermatozoa
• Female Genitalia - Structures

  • Containing external genitalia - Vulva
  • Fatty tissue superficial to pubic symphysis - Mons pubis
  • Erectile tissue - Clitoris
  • Prominent folds - Labia majora
  • Surround vestibule - Labia minora
• Mammary Glands

  • nourish newborn
  • 15-25 lobes
  • lactiferous ducts > lactiferous sinuses > nipple
• Cycles

  1. Ovarian
  2. Uterine
• Follicular phase: the follicle grows and releases an egg
• Luteal phase: 14-28 days, progesterone produced
• Uterine Cycle

  1. Menses
  2. Proliferative phase
  3. Secretory phase
• Menses: the shedding of the uterine lining and the release of the egg
• Proliferative phase: the growth of the corpus luteum and the formation of the corpus albicans
• Secretory phase: secretion of oocytes and oogonia