Exam 1 (ITS150)

• Application programs


  define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users
• Caching


  copying information into faster storage system; main memory can be viewed as a last cache for secondary storage
• I/O Devices

  keyboards, mice, display screens, small printers are examples of
• Microprocessor

  In computer organization, all integrated devices and low speed devices are placed in a single chip called
• Mainframe systems


  a system that reduces setup time by batching similar jobs
• QWORD


  computer architecture unit of data that is 64 bits in size
• Magnetic Disk


  rigid metal or glass platters covered with magnetic recording material
• Ready Queue


  set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to execute
• Main Memory


  only large storage media that the CPU can access directly
• Data Bus


  data fetched from the memory and moved into the CPU traverses via
• Kernel


  the one program running at all times
• Time Sharing Systems - Interactive Computing


  A system where the CPU is multiplexed among several jobs that are kept in memory and on disk (the CPU is allocated to a job only if the job is in memory)
• Virtual Address


  pertains to an address of the application inside the operating system which can be used to connect to any other application on any platform
• Type 2 hypervisor


  A virtualization model where the virtual machine is running on top of the host operating system.
• System call


  pertains to a request for operating system service
• Ready queue


  pertains to a set of all processes in the system
• DMA (Direct Memory Access)


  used for high-speed I/O devices able to transmit information at close to memory speeds without CPU intervention
• Secondary storage


  extension of main memory that provides large nonvolatile storage capacity
• DLL


  device drivers are usually made up of ___ file type
• plug and play


  specification that facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system without the need for physical device configuration or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts
• emulation


  pertains to operating system implementation that can allow an OS to execute on non-native hardware
• User Mode


  the execution done on behalf of a user
• thread


  smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler
• Memory management


  OS feature where the system must allocate the memory to several jobs
• System bus

  In computer organization, the read or write operations of the computer systems traverses via
• SMP (symmetric multiprocessing)


  a parallel system where each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system
• Personal computer


  computer system dedicated to a single user
• Real-Time Systems


  computer system that often used as a control device in a dedicated application such as controlling scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems, and some display systems
• Asymmetric Multiprocessing


  a parallel system where each processor is assigned a specific task; master processor schedules and allocated work to slave processors
• Main Memory


  In computer architecture, this is where the results of the operations are being stored
• Monitor Mode


  the execution done on behalf of operating system
• Interrupt


  It refers to a signal coming from an input/output devices to temporarily halt CPU execution.
• Analogy:

  Windows : Threads | Linux :

  
  

  Processes
• Microcomputer units


  In computer organization, high speed devices are placed in a single chip called
• CPU Scheduling


  an OS feature where the system must choose among several jobs ready to run
• Interrupt Request


  a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program
• Trap


  a software generated interrupt caused by either an error or a user request
• Parallel Systems


  a computer system where there are multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close communication
• Context Switch

  when CPU switches to another process, the system must save the state of the old process and load the saved state for the new process
• Ready


  a process state where it is waiting to be assigned to a CPU