BIOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC TEST

• Monomer


  Smaller unit from which larger molecules are made
• Monosaccharide


  A monomer of carbohydrates
• Nucleic acid


  A monomer of nucleic acids
• Fatty acid


  A monomer of lipids
• Amino acid


  A monomer of proteins
• Glycosidic bond


  A bond that connects carbohydrate molecules
• Peptide bond


  A bond that links amino acids together
• Ester bond


  A type of bond
• Phosphodiester bond


  A type of bond
• Hydrogen bond


  A type of bond
• Glycogen, collagen, cellulose, and chitin are biological macromolecules
• Glycogen


  Does not serve as a primary structural component
• Collagen


  Serves as a primary structural component
• Cellulose


  Serves as a primary structural component
• Chitin


  Serves as a primary structural component
• Phospholipid's fatty acid tail

  Hydrophobic, contains one saturated fatty acid chain, and one unsaturated fatty acid chain
• The modern cell theory states: all living things are made up of cells, cell is the unit of structure and function, cells arise through free-cell formation, and cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division
• Mitochondria


  • Contains DNA
  • Is a membrane bound organelle
  • Has folds called cristae
  • Stores hydrolytic enzymes
• Phototropism


  The ability of plants to sense light and orient their growing stem towards the light to maximize photosynthesis
• Characteristic of living things

  • Reproduction
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Homeostasis
• Binary fission


  The process by which clone cells are produced
• Characteristic of living organisms

  • Reproduction
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Homeostasis
• Cell wall


  Provides structural support and is distinctive of plant cells
• Chlorophyll


  The green pigment that allows plants to have a green color
• Carotene


  A pigment that gives plants orange and yellow colors
• Chloroplast


  An organelle that contains chlorophyll
• Xanthophyll


  A pigment that gives plants yellow color
• Nucleus


  • The control center of the cell
  • The site for DNA replication
  • The site for transcription
  • The site of translation
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)


  The organelle where lipids are synthesized
• Lysosome


  An organelle associated with the digestive system
• Golgi apparatus


  The organelle responsible for post-translational modification of proteins, sorting and shipping of different macromolecules inside the cell
• Vacuole


  The organelle responsible for storing water to maintain turgor pressure in plant cells
• Somatic cells undergo mitosis, while germ cells undergo meiosis
• Cleavage furrow


  The process in animals that serves a similar purpose to cell plate formation in plants during cytokinesis
• During Prophase I, nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear
• During Metaphase II, centrioles move to the poles and arrange spindle fibers for the second meiotic division
• During Diplotene, homologous chromosomes separate
• During Pachytene, crossing over occurs
• Evolutionary advantage of meiosis

  Genetic recombination is possible from one generation to the next
• At the end of Telophase I, daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell were produced