Aqueous ions

• Colours of ions in aqueous solution

  Cu2+

  Fe2+

  Fe3+

  Al3+

  Cu2+= blue solution

  Fe2+= pale green solution

  Fe3+= yellow-brown solution

  Al3+= colourless solution
• Colours of ions in NaOH

  Cu2+

  Fe2+

  Fe3+

  Al3+

  Cu2+= Blue ppt

  Fe2+= Green ppt

  Fe3+= Brown ppt

  Al3+= White ppt
• Colours of ions in NH3

  Cu2+

  Fe2+

  Fe3+

  Al3+

  Cu2+= Blue ppt

  Fe2+= Green ppt

  Fe3+= Brown ppt

  Al3+= White ppt
• Colours of ions with Na2CO3

  Cu2+

  Fe2+

  Fe3+

  Al3+

  Cu2+= blue-green ppt

  Fe2+= green ppt

  Fe3+= brown ppt

  Al3+= white ppt
• Colours of ions with Cl

  Cu2+

  Fe2+

  Co2+

  Cu2+= yellow-green solution

  Fe2+= yellow solution

  Co2+= blue solution
• What is a ligand?

  A molecule or ion that forms a co-ordinate bond with a transition metal by donating a pair of electrons
• Colour of Al3+ in XS NaOH

  Colourless solution
• Colour of Cu2+ in XS NH3

  Deep blue solution