Cranial nerves

• CNI

  • Nerve: olfactory nerve
  • Foramen: cribriform plate
  • Innervation: Olfactory epithelium – SSA (smell)
• CNII

  • Nerve: optic nerve
  • Foramen: optic foramen/canal
  • Innervation: Retinal ganglia – SSA (vision)
• CNIII

  • Nerve: oculomotor nerve
  • Foramen: orbital fissure
  • Innervation: Extraocular muscles – GSE (motor)
• CNIV

  • Nerve: trochlear
  • Foramen: orbital fissure
  • Innervation: Dorsal oblique muscle – GSE (motor)
• CNV

  • Nerve: trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branch)
  • Foramen: Round foramen – maxillary branch
  • Oval foramen – mandibular branch
  • Orbital fissure – ophthalmic branch
  • Innervation: Muscles of mastication – GSE (motor)
  • Skin of the forehead – GSA (sensory)
• CNVI

  • Nerve: abducent
  • Foramen: orbital fissure
  • Innervation: Lateral rectus and partial retractor bulbi – GSE (motor)
• CNVII

  • Nerve: facial
  • Foramen: stylomastoid foramen
  • Innervation: Facial muscles (hyoid, orbicularis oris) – GSE (motor)
  • Sublingual salivary gland – GVE (parasympathetic)
  • Taste buds – SVA (taste)
• CNVIII

  • Nerve: vestibulocochlear
  • Foramen: internal acoustic meatus
  • Innervation: Ear – SSA (hearing and balance)
• CNIX

  • Nerve: glossopharyngeal
  • Foramen: jugular foramen and tympano-occipital fissure
  • Innervation: Pharyngeal muscles – GSE (motor)
• CNX

  • Nerve: vagus
  • Foramen: jugular and tympano-occipital fissure
  • Innervation: Pharynx, larynx and oesophagus – GSE (motor)
  • Smooth muscle and glands of the digestive tract – GVA (sensory)
• CNXI

  • Nerve: accessory
  • Foramen: jugular and tympano-occipital fissure
  • Innervation: Trapezius and sternocephalicus – GSE (motor)
• CNXII

  • Nerve: hypoglossal nerve
  • Foramen: hypoglossal foramen
  • Innervation: Muscles of the tongue – GSE (motor)