Basic anatomy and terms related to position

• Angina


  A form of cardiac pain that occurs on exertion and disappears on rest
• Angina


  • Caused by narrowing of coronary arteries so that the cardiac muscle has insufficient blood
• Myocardial infarction


  When the coronary blood flow is suddenly stopped and the cardiac muscle is degenerated or dies
• Anatomy


  The science of the structure and the function of the body
• Clinical anatomy


  The study of macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences
• Basic anatomy


  The study of minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body
• Anatomic position


  The person is standing erect, with the upper limbs by sides, and the face and the palms of the hands is directed forward
• Median sagittal plane


  The vertical plane passing through the center of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves
• Paramedian plane


  Situated to one or the other side of the median plane and parallel to it
• Lateral


  Structure that lies farther away from the median plane than another
• Anatomical planes


  • Median sagittal plane
  • Coronal plane
  • Horizontal or transverse plane
• Anatomical directions


  • Superior
  • Inferior
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Dorsal surface of the hand
  • Palmar surface of the hand
• Anatomical terms related to position

  • Proximal end of the upper limb
  • Lateral border
  • Medial border
  • Distal end of the upper limb
  • Dorsal surface of feet
  • Plantar surface of foot
• Coronal planes


  Imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane
• Horizontal, transverse plane


  Planes at right angles to both the median and the coronal plane
• Anterior


  The front of the body
• Posterior


  The back of the body
• Palmar surfaces


  Used in place of anterior in describing the hand
• Dorsal surfaces


  Used in place of posterior in describing the hand
• Plantar surfaces


  Used instead of upper surfaces in describing the foot
• Dorsal surfaces


  Used instead of lower surfaces in describing the foot
• Proximal


  Describes relative distances from the root of the limbs
• Distal


  Describes relative distances from the root of the limbs
• Superficial and deep


  Denote distances relative of structures from the surface of the body
• Superior


  Denotes levels relatively high with reference to the upper ends of the body
• Inferior


  Denotes levels relatively low with reference to the lower ends of the body
• Internal and external


  Used to describe the relative distance of a structure from the center of an organ or cavity
• Ipsilateral


  Refers to the same side of the body
• Contralateral


  Refers to the opposite side of the body
• Supine


  Position of the body is lying on the back
• Prone


  Position of the body is lying face downward
• Label the following:

  A) horizontal or transverse plane

  B) coronel plane

  C) Median sagittal plane

  
• Label the following:

  A) superior

  B) posterior

  C) anterior

  D) dorsal surface of hand

  E) palmar surface of hand

  F) inferior

  
• Label the following:

  A) Median sagittal plane

  B) paramedian plane

  C) proximal end of upper limb

  D) lateral border

  E) distal end of upper limb

  F) medial border

  G) dorsal surface of foot

  H) plantar surface of foot