Computer Programming (Lecture 1)

• Computer


  A data processor-accepts input, stores it in memory cells, processes the stored input by performing claculations or by making logical comparisons (or both), gives out an output
• "Compute"


  Calculate
• Computer


  Electronic apparatus that performs high-speed calculations
• Data Processing


  How a computer process data
• The computer processes data


  Which is the raw material, and releases the processed data as INFORMATION.
• The processed data is released as?


  INFORMATION
• Abacus


  First calculating apparatus
• Where is abacus invented?


  In Babylon
• When is Abacus created?

  500 BC
• The first mechanical adding machine


  Pascaline Calculator
• Who designed the Pascaline Calculator?

  Blaise Pascal
• When is the Pascaline calculator designed?

  1642
• It is the first calculator for multiplication

  Instrumentum Arithmeticum
• He invented the first Instrumentum Arithmeticum


  Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnez
• When is the Instrumenticum Arithmeticum invented?


  1671
• He is the Father of Modern Digital Computers


  Charles Babbage
• What did Charles Babbage designed?

  Analytical Engine
• What does Analytical Engine used?


  Punched cards as input
• The memory unit of Analytical Engine could hold up to?

  1,000 50-digit numbers
• When is the Analytical Engine designed?


  1830s
• Generation


  A step in technology
• Advancement in generation

  Improvement of performance of computers
• What does the advancement in generation encompass?

  Better hardware, superior operating systems and software utilities
• First Generation


  1942 - 1955
• Technology in the First Generation


  Vacuum tubes, electromagnetic relay memory, punched cards secondary storage
• First generation


  There is no operating system
• Example of technology in First Generation

  IBM 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine (Defense Calculator)
• Second Generation


  1955-1964
• Technologies in the second generation

  Transistors, magnetic core memory, magnetic tapes, disks for econdary storage
• Second Generation


  Batch operating system-users do not interact with the computer directly
• Batch Operating System


  Users do not interact with the computer directly
• Example of technologies in the Second Generation


  IBM 7030 Data Processing System (The STRETCH)
• Third Generation


  1964-1975
• What are the technologies in the third generation?

  Integrated Circuits (ICs) with Small Scale Integration (SSI) and Medium Scale Integration (MSI) technologies, larger capacity disks
• SSI

  Small Scale Integration
• MSI


  Medium Scale Integration
• What kind of operating system does the third generation technologies has?

  Time-sharing operating system
• Example of technologies in the third generation:


  IBM 370 Model 145
• Fourth Generation


  1975 - 1989
• What technologies does the fourth generation has?


  Integrated Circuits (ICs) with Large Scale Integration (LSI) and Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technologies, microprocessors, larger capacity hard disks