hormones

• what is auxin


  a plant hormone
• glands in the endocrine system


  While many parts of the body make hormones, the major glands that make up the endocrine system are the:

  
• the endocrine system definition...

  The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs. It uses hormones to control and coordinate your body's metabolism, energy level, reproduction, growth and development, and response to injury, stress, and mood.
• how is adrenaline release different to the release TSH and thyroxine

  adrenaline is released when as your body feels the need eg if your nervous or scared. This is different to TSH and thyroxine as they are released on a negative feedback loop (when your body responds to something bad eg to high or low)
• what are hormones

  Hormones are chemical messengers released by glands into the blood and carried to a target organ or organs. 
• Prolactin is a hormone in the human body. what is its function?


  Controls milk production 
• Which hormones are produced in the ovaries?


  oestrogen
• What changes happen to boys during puberty?

  During puberty, boys experience a growth spurt with rapid increase in height, development of genitalia, facial and body hair growth, voice deepening, muscle and bone development due to testosterone, and skin changes such as acne.
• what hormone does the adrenals secret? and whats its role?

  the adrenal glands release adrenaline (also known as epinephrine.)

  the role of adrenaline is to cause changes in your body that help you to act in a sudden stressful situation 
• what is a hormone?

   a hormone is a chemical messenger that targets specific cells or tissues in the body, triggering a specific response.
• how do hormones travel around the body?

  Through the bloodstream.
• name 1 difference between the ways hormones and electrical impulses are transported?

  hormones are transported through the blood whereas electrical impulses are transported through neurons.
• where is adrenaline produced?

  Adrenal glands
• where is FSH produced and what does it do?

  pituitary gland and causes the egg to mature
• where is LH produced and what does it do?

  pituitary gland and involved in ovulation.
• where is oestrogen produced and what does it do?

  ovaries and builds up the lining of the uterus
• where is progesterone produced and what does it do?

  ovaries and maintains the lining of the uterus.
• the pancreas produce both insulin and glucagon but what do these do?

  Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb glucose.

  Glucagon: Raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of glucose from the liver.
• where is ADH produced and why?

   produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. its purpose is to regulate water balance in the body and helps to prevent dehydration .
• are all hormones produced by glands?

  Yes, all hormones are produced by glands.
• diagram of the endocrine system

  
• what is a gland?

  A gland is an organ in the body that produces and releases substances such as hormones, enzymes, or other fluids.
• where is thyroxine produced and why?

  it is produced in the thyroid gland and plays a key role in regulating the body’s metabolism. It controls the speed at which the body uses energy, produces proteins, and regulates how sensitive the body is to other hormones.
• what is the function of insulin?

  lower blood glucose levels 
• what is the function of glucagon?

  The function of glucagon is to raise blood glucose levels 
• where is testosterone produced and why?

  in the testes and its function is to control the development of male secondary sexual characteristics and supports sperm production.
• where and why is thyroxine produced?

  Thyroxine is produced in the thyroid gland to regulate metabolism.
• where and why is Oxytocin produced?

  by pituitary gland to Stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth and milk re
• where and why is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) produced?

  Produced in hypothalamus and released by pituitary gland to regulate water balance in the body.
• what hormones are produced in the pancreas?

  Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon.
• where and why is Melatonin produced?

  Produced by the Pineal gland

  Function: Regulates sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythm).
• A decrease in body temperature causes an increase in thyroxine production. Explain how the production of thyroxine causes an increase in body temperature.

  When body temperature decreases, the production of thyroxine increases. Thyroxine stimulates the metabolism of cells, which leads to more energy being produced in the form of heat. This heat is released by the body, raising the overall body temperature to help restore balance
• explain the effects of adrenaline on the human body?

  • Increases heart rate: Pumps more blood to muscles and vital organs.

  • Dilates airways: Increases oxygen intake for improved muscle performance.

  • Redirects blood flow: Moves blood away from less critical areas (e.g., digestive system) to muscles, brain, and heart.

  • Increases glucose release: Breaks down glycogen in the liver for quick energy.

  • Pupil dilation: Improves vision, preparing for “fight or flight.”

  • Increases sweating: Helps cool the body during intense activity.
• give uses of auxin:

  • Selective weedkillers: Synthetic auxins are used in herbicides to promote excessive growth in weeds, causing them to die.

  • Promotes cell elongation: Helps plants grow taller by increasing cell size, especially in stems.

  • Root development: Encourages the formation of roots in cuttings, aiding plant propagation.

  • Gravitropism: Helps plants grow in response to gravity, with roots growing downward and stems growing upward.