The nature and variety of living organisms

• Prokaryote


  Always single-celled and do not contain a nucleus (instead the nuclear material is found in the cytoplasm)
• Eukaryotes


  Can be multicellular or single-celled and are made of cells that contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane
• Pathogen

  Any microorganism that causes disease in another organism

  Eg:

  • Plant
  • Animals
• Animals:

  Here:

  • Multicellular
  • no chloroplasts, so they can't photosynthesis
  • no cell walls
  • usually have a nervous coordination, able to move place to place
  • store carbohydrates as glycogen
  • Eukaryote
• Plants:

  Here:

  • multicellular
  • contain chloroplasts, so they can photosynthesis
  • cellulose cell walls
  • store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose
  • Eukaryote
• Fungi

  Here:

  • can't photosynthesis
  • chitin cell walls
  • may store carbohydrates as glycogen
  • saprotrophic nutrition
  • body usually organized into a mycelium made from hyphae, which contain many nuclei
  • some are single-celled
  • Eukaryotic
• Protoctists:

  Here:

  • very small single-celled organisms
  • some have features like an animal cell
  • some have features like a plant cell
  • Eukaryotic
• Bacteria:


  Here:

  • very small single-celled organisms
  • cell wall
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • plasmids
  • lack of nucleus, but contains a circular chromosome of DNA
  • some can photosynthesis, other feed of dead or living organisms
  • Prokaryotic
• Viruses:

  Here:

  • not living organisms
  • are parasitic
  • reproduce only inside living cells
  • infect every type of living organism
  • wide variety of shapes and sizes
  • no cellular structure, have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid either DNA or RNA