Structure and functions in living organisms

• Levels of Organization:

  Here:

  1. organelles
  2. cells
  3. tissues
  4. organs
  5. organ system
• Organelles:

  specialized subcellular structures found within living cells
• Cells:


  basic structural unit of a living organism
• Tissues:

  group of cells with similar structures working together to perform the same functions
• Organs:


  group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions
• Organ System:


  group of organs with similar functions, working together to perform body functions
• Diffusion:

  Is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
• Osmosis:


  Is the net movement of water molecules across a partially(semi) permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
• Active transport:

  Is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration
• Subcellular Structures Found in both plant and animal cells:


  Here:

  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
  • cell membrane
  • ribosome
  • mitochondria
• Function of a Nucleus:

  An organelle which contains the genetic material that controls the cells activities

  It is surrounded by its own membrane
• Function of a Cytoplasm:

  A gel-like substance where most of the cell's chemical reaction happen

  It contains enzymes which control these reactions
• Function of a cell membrane:

  This membrane forms the outer surface of the cell and controls the substances that go in and out of the cell
• Function of a mitochondria:

  Small organelles where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
• Function of a ribosome:

  Small organelles where proteins are made in cell
• Function of a cell wall:

  A rigid structure made of cellulose which surrounds the cell membrane

  It supports and strengthens the cell
• Function of a chloroplasts:

  Contains chlorophyll pigments that are green which is used to photosynthesis which makes food for the plant
• Function of a Vacuole:

  It contains cell sap