MTCC 115

• Alma-Ata Declaration (1978)


  Health is a fundamental human right
• Philippine Health Care


  Deals with the social policy
• Health Care System


  Organized plan of health services
• Health Care Delivery


  Rendering of health care services to the people
• Health Care Delivery System


  Network of health facilities and personnel which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people
• Primary Health Care (PHC)


  • Caring for people, rather than simply treating specific diseases or conditions
  • Usually the first point of contact people have with the health care system
  • Provides comprehensive, accessible, community-based care that meets the health needs of individuals throughout their life
• PHC according to the Alma Ata Declaration


  • Intended to reach everybody, particularly those in greatest need
  • Intended to reach to the home and family level, and not be limited to health facilities
  • Intended to involve a continuing relationship with persons and families
• Goals of Primary Healthcare

  • Health for all
  • Equity in health
  • Community participation
  • Intersectoral collaboration
• Essential Elements of Primary Health Care

  • Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of identifying, preventing, and controlling them
  • Locally endemic disease prevention and control
  • Expanded program of immunization against major infectious diseases
  • Maternal and child health care, including family planning
  • Essential drugs arrangement
  • Nutritional food supplement, an adequate supply of safe and basic nutrition
  • Treatment of communicable and non-communicable disease and promotion of mental health
  • Safe water and sanitation
• Other Elements of Primary Health Care

  • Adequate and safe water supply and basic sanitation
  • Immunization against major infectious diseases
  • Local endemic diseases control
  • Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries
  • Provision of essential basic medication
  • Expended options of immunizations
  • Reproductive health needs
  • Provision of essential technologies for health
  • Health promotion
  • Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
  • Food safety and provision of selected food supplements
• Core Principles of Primary Health Care - WHO

  • Universal access to care and coverage on the basis of need
  • Commitment to health equity as part of development oriented to social justice
  • Community participation in defining and implementing health agendas
  • Intersectoral approaches to health
• Management of Primary Health Care

  1. Planning

  2. Organizing

  3. Staffing

  4. Controlling

  5. Directing
• Authority


  Manager's formal and legitimate right to make decisions, issue orders, and allocate resources to achieve desired outcomes
• Responsibility


  Employee's duty to perform assigned task or activities
• Accountability


  Those with authority and responsibility must report and justify task outcomes to these above them
• Types of Authority


  • Line authority
  • Functional (or departmental) authority
  • Staff authority
• Centralization


  Near top or center
• Decentralization


  Near lower or equally distributed
• Formalization


  Written documentation
• Staffing


  Assignment of individuals to responsible positions identified in a management plan
• Primary function of the Department of Health: Promotion, protection, preservation or restoration of the health of the people through the provision and delivery of health services and through the regulation and encouragement of providers of health, goods and services
• Vision of the Department of Health: Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022, and Asia by 2040
• Mission of the Department of Health: To lead the country in the development of a productive, resilient, equitable, and people-centered health system for Universal Health Care
• Levels of Health Care and Referral System

  • Primary Health Care Facilities
  • Secondary Health Care Facilities
  • Tertiary Health Care Facilities
• Three Levels of Primary Health Care Workers

  • Village or Grassroot Health Workers
  • Intermediate Level Health Workers
  • First Line Hospital Personnel
• Primary Healthcare Service


  • Routine care with a regular provider
  • Urgent care for a minor health problem or accident
  • Maternity and child care
  • Disease prevention services
  • Nutrition counseling
  • Mental health care and referrals for homecare
  • Health promotion services
  • Rehabilitation services
  • End-of-lifecare
• Secondary Healthcare Service


  • Provided by medical specialists
  • Physician referral or self-referral
  • Cardiologists, urologists, dermatologists and other such specialists
  • Acute care, short period stay in a hospital emergency department for brief but serious illness
  • Psychiatrists, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists, speech therapists and so on
• Health Information Technology


  The area of IT involving the design, development, creation, use, and maintenance of information systems
• Tertiary Health Care Service


  • Inpatients referral from primary or secondary health professionals
  • Advanced medical investigation and treatment
  • Cancer management, neurosurgery, cardiac surgery and a host of complex medical and surgical interventions
  • Advanced diagnostic support services and specialize intensive care
• Health Informatics


  Connects people, technology, and data to better improve healthcare outcomes and safety by supporting operational, innovation and technological advancements globally
• Directions of the Philippine Health Sector

  • The Philippine Health Agenda (DOH Administrative Order 2016-0038)
  • The Philippine Developmental Plan 2017-2022
  • NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
  • Sustainable Developmental Goals 2030
• Advantages of Health Informatics

  • Improve health care quality or effectiveness
  • Increase health care productivity or efficiency
  • Prevent medical errors and increase health care accuracy and procedural correctness
  • Reduce health care costs
  • Increase administrative efficiencies and healthcare work processes
  • Decrease paperwork and unproductive or idle work time
  • Extend real-time communications of health informatics among healthcare professionals
  • Expand access to affordable care
• Electronic Health Record (EHR)


  A person's official digital health record and is shared among multiple healthcare providers and agencies
• Personal Health Record (PHR)

  A person's self-maintained health record
• Health Information Exchange (HIE)


  A health data clearinghouse or a group of healthcare organizations
• Types of health records

  • Personal Health Records
  • Electronic Health Records
  • Electronic Medical Records
• HITECH Act of 2009


  Introduced the EHR meaningful use program where physicians and hospitals that prove their use of government-certified EHR systems meets meaningful use criteria are eligible to receive incentive payments
• Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and Vendor Neutral Archives

  Two widely used types of health IT that help healthcare professionals store and manage patient's medical images
• Health Interoperability Ecosystem


  A composition of individuals and system processes that share, exchange, and access all forms of health information, including discreet, narrative, and multimedia. An efficient health interoperability ecosystem provides an information infrastructure that uses technical standards, policies, and protocols to enable seamless and secure capture, discovery, exchange and utilization of health information
• Advantages of Cloud Technology

  • Integrated and Efficient Patient Care
  • Better Management of Data