biochem

• Atoms


  Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties
• Ions


  Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost one or more electrons, giving them a net positive or negative charge
• Oxygen


  Element with atomic number 8
• Biochemistry


  Application of chemistry to biological processes
• Cell


  Basic unit of living organism, made of different molecules and reactions
• Hydrolysis


  Breaking of large molecules into smaller molecules
• Carbohydrate


  Macromolecule, smallest unit is glucose
• Nutrients


  Macromolecules required for growth and energy
• Glucose


  Smallest unit of carbohydrate that can be found
• ATP


  Can be produced in foods through cellular processes
• Nucleic acid


  Made up of bases, found in the genes (DNA)
• Glycolysis


  Metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate
• Protein


  Made up of amino acids
• Replication


  Process of duplicating DNA
• Biomolecules/macromolecules


  Large molecules found in living cells, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
• Cells


  Basic unit of living organisms, always multiplying when a person grows
• Carbohydrates


  Macromolecules that interact to form lipids
• Lipids


  Macromolecules formed from fatty acids
• Nucleic acids


  Macromolecules formed from nucleotides
• Amino acids


  Building blocks of proteins
• Nucleotides


  Building blocks of nucleic acids
• Monosaccharides


  Building blocks of polysaccharides (carbohydrates)
• Fatty acids


  Building blocks of lipids
• Carbohydrates


  Source of heat energy, stored in humps of camels and horns of fish
• Polypeptide

  Protein
• Carboxylic acid


  Part of amino acid structure

  
• 1. amino acid


  Part of amino acid structure

  
• Lysosomes


  Organelles that destroy old/defective cells, have a pH of 5
• Amino acids


  Weak acids, building blocks of proteins
• Eukaryotic cells


  Cells with a lot of organelles and compartmentalization, larger than prokaryotic cells
• Enzymes


  Break down polymers into monomers
• Plasma membrane


  Chemical barrier, made of lipids and proteins
• Plant cells


  Have cell walls, unlike animal cells
• Golgi complex


  Organelle that processes and distributes proteins and lipids
• Cytoplasm


  Thick aqueous environment in the cell, site of cellular metabolism
• Cytoskeleton


  Provides structure and transportation in the cell
• Mitochondria


  Powerhouses that produce ATP, have inner and outer membranes
• Nucleus


  Largest part of the cell, stores genetic information and makes DNA and RNA
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  Organelle that makes lipids and proteins, has smooth and rough varieties
• Ribosomes


  Structures bound to the ER that make proteins