chemistry

• LIP GIN


  Loss is positive and gain is negative
• Ions and metals


  Bond between metals and no metals
• Electrostatic force


  Holds an ionic bond
• Ionic solids


  • Ions are fixed in a giant lattice, and they can't move or conduct electricity
• Ionic compounds


  • When an ionic compound is molten or dissolved it can conduct electricity because the molecules and ions are free to move around
• Ionic lattice


  • Has a very high boiling point; strong electrostatic force
• Ionic physical properties


  • Strong
  • High melting point
  • High boiling point
• An ionic bond is between a metal and a non-metal
• Ions are charged atoms and particles
• Ions are formed when an electron is lost/gained
• Positive ions are formed when an electron(s) is lost
• Negative ions are formed when an electron(s) is gained
• Giant covalent structures:

  diamond;

  silica;

  graphite

  properties of giant covalent structures:

  high MP;

  high BP
• covalent bonding is between two non metals sharing electrons a pair of shared electrons is 1 covalent bond
• examples of covalent compounds:

  carbon dioxide,

  nitrogen dioxide,

  chlorine dioxide

  examples of covalent physical properties:

  low MP

  low BP
• Allotrope : a different form of the same element (same matter of state)
• Graphene : Graphite is a single layer of graphene. It is a single layer of graphite. (from it's structure)
• Fullerenes : Molecules made of carbon atoms arranged in hollow tubes
• Allotropes of carbon atoms:

  • Graphite
  • Nanotube
  • Fullerene
  • Diamond
  • Graphene
• 1. in covalent bonding electrons get shared
  2. Simple covalent compounds have low MP and BP ; low inter mollecular forces
  3. Giant covalent compounds have high MP and BP
  4. Graphite and Diamond are examples of Giant covalent compounds/structures
  5. Carbon dioxide and water are examples of simple covalent compounds/structure
• the number of electrons an element will have corresponds to their group number
• covalent bonds cant conduct electricity ; no charged atoms ; no loss or gain of electrons