1 Meaning of History

• Accounts of phenomena in chronological order

  History
• Learning by inquiry

  Historia
• Individuals who write about history

  Historians
• Practice of historical writing

  Historiography
• Theories Constructed by Historians

  • Factual History
  • Speculative History
• Factual History


  Presents the basic and plain information to the reader with the emphasis only of "who", "what", and "where" of history
• Speculative History


  Goes beyond dates, places, persons, events because it attempts to explain the "how" and "why" of events
• history-as actuality


  The whole history of the past
• history-as record


  The surviving records, and only a tiny part of the whole phenomena
• Verisimilitude


  The truth, authenticity, plausibility
• Historical Method


  Examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past
• Historiography


  Imaginative reconstruction of the past
• Historical analysis


  Also an important element of historical method
• Historical data


  Source of artifacts that have been left by the past
• Relics or Remains


  Offer the researchers a clue about the past
• Testimonies of Witnesses


  Oral or written, to serve as records
• dynamic or genetic


  Historians deals with also known as "the becoming"
• Static

  Historians deals with also known as "the being"