L 13-14

•   GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION

  • As emphasized in our previous, globalization pertains to

  the movements not only of good, but

  of ideas as well.
• ;  GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION

  • Religion, as an idea, was moved

  through exchanges (e.g. exchanges of

  goods in the Silk Road), and most

  importantly, through colonization.

  •  Universalizing Kingship - many were inspired to navigate the uncharted islands of the world for prestige and honor.
• OLD CULTURE 

  The people from “old and traditional” societies were constructed as “OTHERS” by the colonizers. These societies were viewed as the “savage other”, “black other” and “oriental other” because their beliefs are different from them
• RELIGION

  Generally defined as “a system of beliefs and practices.” 

  • A set of beliefs, feelings, dogmas, and practices that define the relations between human being and sacred or divinity
• RELIGION

   A given religion is defined by specific elements of a community of believers: dogmas, sacred books, rites, worship, sacrament, moral prescription, interdicts, organization.
• Durkheim  

  Modern Societies shifted from Mechanical to Organic Solidarity, and from Collective Consciousness to Collective Representations. Therefore, nothing binds people together given their heightened differences which results in ANOMIE.
• FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION

  [1] Social Cohesion

  • Religion provides social cohesion to help maintain social

  solidarity through shared rituals and beliefs.
• FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION

  [2] Social Control

  • To enforce religious-based morals and norms to help

  maintain conformity and control in society.
• FUNCTIONS OF RELIGION

  [3] Meaning and Purpose

  -To provide meaning and purpose to answer any existential

  questions.
• CONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

  LEHMANN (2004):

  • Religion, in spite of being a personal affair, is influenced by the transmitted ideas of a globalized world.
• LEHMANN (2004):

  • Globalization has led to massive social changes in the world;

  religion is not immune from these changes!

  • Globalization of religion includes the rapid changes in the moral

  beliefs and value system of people
• Turner 2006

  The interaction of local and elite (dominant) religions in the globalized world results in the GLOCALIZATION OF RELIGION.
•  GLOCALIZATION is a combination of "globalization" and

  "localization." It is used to describe something that is disseminated

  globally, but such is also adjusted to accommodate the locales.
• [1] HOMOGENIZATION OF RELIGION

  • HOMOGENIZATION OF RELIGION refers to the popularization and diffusion
• • Homogenization of religion claims that global religion is becoming standardized around the dominant religion
• = Homogenization can often lead to HEGEMONIZATION 
• HEGEMONIZATION 

  – the assimilation of the minority religion and weaker religious groups into the mainstream.
• ] PLURALIZATION OF RELIGION

  = PLURALIZATION OF RELIGION

   – implies the existence

  and practice of more than one form of religion simultaneously.
• [3] COMMODIFICATION OF RELIGION

  = Globalized religious rituals are stripped-off their religious

  roots

  • authentic meaning and significance, and are sold in the market.
• [3] COMMODIFICATION OF RELIGION

  Local gods and goddesses which were until recently

  associated with the more plebian masses are finding new

  homes in malls and multiplexes.
• 1. Globalization brings a culture of pluralism(positive)

  • Religions with overlapping but distinctive ethics and interests interact with one another.
• 2. Globalization has built global political forums that integrate religious differences (positive)

  When discussing issues such as international peace and security, health issues, poverty, and environment, organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and the

  World Health Organization (WHO) generally share many of

  the same basic commitments as religious traditions—

  mainly peace, human dignity, and human equality
• 3. Globalization paved way for the spread of religion around the world

  Globalization disembeds religions from their historic homelands and scatters them around the world. 
• MIGRATION AND RELIGION

   • When people move across the borders, they also carry with themselves their ideas, values, and belief systems.
•  • Globalization may bring about the unpacking of local cultural complexes. It may create multifarious local identities so much so that diversity is seen in local spaces. 
• . Globalization paved way for technological advancements that benefited religion

  • Religion has tremendously benefited from technological advancements brought by globalization:
•  Religion is the “easy” answer to the less desirable consequences of Globalization(NEGATIVE )

  Globalization causes economic marginalization, and brings mental stress; individuals feel these less desirable consequences of globalization.
•  Religion is the “easy” answer to the less desirable consequences of Globalization

  -with religion’s power to convey a picture of security, stability, and simple answers through stories and beliefs—unlike economic plans, political programs, or legal regulations—individuals turn to religion
• Globalization breaks down traditional communities and replaces them with larger, impersonal organizations.

  a result, feeling that these organizations have shattered their “protective cocoon” that has shielded them in the past, many individuals find comfort in

  religion.
•  Globalization of a religion’s notion of “TRUTH

  • religion also institutes a notion of “truth,” which implies an automatic exclusion of an “abject”—who does not adhere to such “truth.”
• [3] Globalization dominates certain religions

  Globalization transforms the generic ‘religion’ into a world-system of competing and conflicting religions.
• 4] Globalization allows religious migration, but differences in religion brings harm

  • Religion, like culture, cannot be erased easily, and so, bringing religious beliefs and practices to other countries (host countries) with beliefs and practices different from that in the home country may be detrimental to the life and well-being of the migrants.
• FOOD SECURITY 

  There is food security when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.
• GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 

  International efforts to address the need that people around the world have for reliable sources of quality food.
• 1] FOOD AVAILABILITY-

  • Having a sufficient supply of food available on a consistent basis, either locally produced or imported from other places. 
• [1] FOOD AVAILABILITY-

  produce their own food locally because of inappropriate agricultural technologies or practices; lack of natural resources or productive lan
•  FOOD ACCESS

  -Having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet.

  -food may not always be accessible to everyone because people need to have sufficient incomes and resources in order to obtain food.
• [3] FOOD UTILIZATION

  A.K.A. consumption of a nutritious diet.

   - People make appropriate use of food, based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, and have access to water and sanitation for preparing food and maintaining proper hygiene. 
• HUNGER

  • a severe lack of food which causes suffering or death.
  •  a condition in which a person, for a sustained period, is unable to eat sufficient food to mee
• 3 TYPES OF HUNGER 

  [1] ACUTE HUNGER 

  [2] CHRONIC HUNGER 

  [3] HIDDEN HUNGER