YR 10 FINAL GRAPHICS

• Ergonomics


  The study of the relationship between people and the things they do, the objects they use, and their environment
• Ergonomics


  • It is not just about comfort; ergonomics makes products easier to use and easier to understand through a product's form, colour, contrast, type size and functionality
• Aesthetics


  Factors related to the appreciation of the beauty in products
• Aesthetics is not only about what a product looks like, it may also consider how something sounds, feels, tastes or smells
• Aesthetics


  • The form, texture, scale, colour, and symmetry of a product will have an influence on the people's tastes
  • Different colours can provoke different reactions - both positive and negative
• 'Form Follows Function'


  The term assumes an object exist because of its function – i.e., the way it performs or work. Its purpose
• If designers favour aesthetics over function, there is a danger that products that look attractive may not work effectively or efficiently
• Striking a balance between the function and aesthetics is incredibly important when designing products
• Anthropometrics


  Human body measurements (for example average height, finger length, hand-span, weight, etc.)

  
• Anthropometric data can be used by designers to help ensure a product is easy, comfortable and safe to use for all primary users
• Anthropometric dimensions (mm) for age range 19-65


  • Height
  • Eye level
  • Shoulder height
  • Elbow height
  • Vertical reach
  • Forward grip reach (standing)
• Primary User Needs/Requirements (PUNs)


  The essential requirements of the primary user for your design project
• PUNs


  • Focus and Direction: By clearly defining PUNs, you establish a foundation for a design project. They guide decision-making throughout the design process, ensuring design ideas address the user's core needs
  • Understanding the User: The process of identifying PUNs ensures designers consider the user's perspective. This empathy helps to design a product that is truly useful and meets the primary user's specific requirements
  • Success Criteria: PUNs become the benchmark against which we evaluate a final design. If a design effectively addresses the identified PUNs, it's considered a success
• "We are approaching a worldwide crisis in terms of oil supply and there is a global movement to reduce the amount of fossil fuels that we use"
• "Burning fuels produces waste products, including various gases such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and other volatile organic compounds, which can be harmful effect on the environment"
• "Burning of fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide which many scientists agree is a significant contributor to global warming"
• "Renewable energy sources are dependent on weather conditions and are intermittent in nature, which means energy generation fluctuates. E.g. solar energy can only be harvested efficiently when the sun is shining"
• "Renewable energy systems such as wind farms require significant land areas, which can be a challenge in densely populated areas"
• "Some consider wind turbines to be an eye-soar that visually pollutes otherwise scenic landscape"
• "The financial investment required for setting up renewable energy infrastructure and technologies can pose a barrier to widespread adoption, particularly in developing countries"
• "Although generally considered to be environmentally friendly, renewable energy sources can negatively impact upon local wildlife and their habitats and damage ecosystems"
• "Energy sources such as solar, wind and geothermal don't emit greenhouse gases during energy production, which helps mitigate changes by reducing atmospheric CO2 levels"
• "Sources such as solar and wind power can be replenished naturally in a short period of time"
• "Renewables significantly reduce air pollution caused by burning fossil fuels"
• "The renewable energy sector is growing rapidly, creating new jobs in areas like manufacturing and maintenance of renewable energy systems"
• "Renewable energy supports sustainable development by providing clean energy for communities without harming the environment for future generations"
• "Renewable energy solutions can bring electricity to remote areas where traditional grid infrastructure is limited, improving living standards and access to basic needs"
• Hydro-electric


  Vast areas are flooded to create a reservoir. The water from the reservoir is released through large pipes leading to a turbine. The water pressure forces the turbine to rotate to drive a generator, producing electricity
• Wind Power


  Wind passes through large blades forcing them to rotate (spin). The blades turn a generator, which produces electricity
• Solar Power


  Light photons from the sun hit photovoltaic cells which allows electrons to flow, creating an electric current. The PV cells convert light into electricity
• Tidal Power


  The rise and fall of the tide forces water through turbines, which drive generators to produce electricity
• Biofuel/Biomass


  Organic matter (including food and farm waste, compost and wood chips) is burned to heat water tanks. The water creates steam, which rises and forces a turbine to rotate. This drives a generator creating electricity
• Boards


  Generally thicker than most types of paper, with a weight of more than 170 gsm. Available in many different types, sizes, finishes, and thicknesses. Measured in microns
• White card and corrugate are the most used materials in the DT graphics workshop
• Boards can be cut easily using a craft knife. Precise lines can be scored into white card using a plotter cutter. Commercially, both materials will be cut using a die cutter for speed and accuracy
• Corriflute


  Another type of board which behaves like corrugate. It is manufactured from polypropylene and has a fluted cross section
• Common Board Types


  • White Card
  • Cardboard
  • Corrugate
  • Foam board
  • Mounting board
• Polymers


  Grouped into two main categories: thermo (sometimes called thermoforming or thermoplastics) and thermosetting
• Thermopolymers


  • Can return to their natural form when heat is applied, making them recyclable
• Polymers are extracted from crude oil and gas – they are not considered to be a sustainable material