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• The Republic of the Philippines is a sovereign state in an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia, with 7,641 islands spanning more than 300,000 square kilometres of territory.
• The Philippines was named after Prince Philip (later King Philip II) of Spain, by the Spanish explorer Ruy Lopez de Villalobos during his 1542-1546 expedition to the islands.
• The Philippines is a unitary presidential constitutional republic, with the President of the Philippines acting as both the head of state and the head of government.
• It proclaimed its independence from the Spanish Empire on June 12, 1898, following the culmination of the Philippine Revolution.
• The country’s primary exports include electronics, semiconductors, transport equipment, construction materials, and minerals. As
• Climate – Tropical

  Demonym – Filipino

  Currency – Philippine Peso

  Population – 110.2 Million (2021; tradingeconomics.com)

  Language – Filipino (national language and official language), English (Official language)

  Religion – Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, etc...
• Poverty remains the most critical social problem that needs to be addressed.
• Social Problem


  is defined as a problem of human relationship which seriously threatens

  society or impedes the important aspirations of people.
• A social problem is an issue within the society that makes it difficult for people to achieve their full potential.
• NEDA (National Economic and Development Authority) 


  is the country's premier socioeconomic planning body policy coordinating body primarily responsible for formulating continuing, coordinated and fully integrated social and economic policies, plans and programs.
• Arsenio Balisacan


  NEDA Secretary
• DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development)


  the primary government agency mandated to develop, implement, and coordinate social protection and poverty-reduction solutions for and with the poor, vulnerable, and disadvantaged.
• Rex Gatchalian


  DSWD Secretary
• Tools for Social Analysis (SPECSEG) framework

  • Social
  • Political
  • Economic
  • Cultural
  • Spiritual
  • Environment
  • Gender
• The PH natural resources

  • Land planted in rice and corn, 50% of the 4.5 million hectares of field crops in 1990
  • Coconuts, a major export crop, sugarcane, pineapples, and Cavendish bananas also were important earners of foreign exchange
  • wold's 10th largest producer of copper
  • the 6th largest producer of chromium
  • the 9th largest producer of gold
  • petroleum exploration
• Structural-functionalism


  • social institutions collectively form a social structure and function

  to maintain harmony (Spencer)

  • society as organs that work toward functioning of body as whole, Merton-theory of deviance from (Durkheim theory).
• Alienation


  is defined in various ways: as powerlessness, meaninglessness, normlessness, isolation and self-estrangement.
• Neoliberalism


  create laissez- faire condition.
• Modernization theory (Rostow) 


  transformation of society into technological, social and

  political state of affair that characterize the western world.
• 1st stage- Traditional Society


  • pre-Newtonian science and technology, attitudes to physical world. Low agricultural productivity, political power dominates economic power, low rates of investment (5% of GCP), and no trading, limited technology...
• 2nd stage- Pre-conditions to take-off


  • manufacturing, international in scope, infrastructure support trading, emergence of entrepreneurs, increased savings and investment.
• 3rd stage- Take-off 


  • 20-30 year’s intensive growth, 10% increase in investment, political and social institutions support industrialization
• 4th stage- Device to Maturity


  60 years after take-off, 10%-20% increase in investment, modern capitalist economy
• 5th stage- High Mass Consumption 


  • very high level of economic activity, technology extensively used, urbanization complete, multinationals emerge, increased income beyond basic needs.
• Non-Monetary Aspects of Poverty

  
  

  
  

  • The culture of poverty
  • Access to information
  • Socio-cultural Aspects
  • Human Security
  • Quality of Life
• Four Dimension of Poverty (by Danilo Songco of CODE NGO)

  • Deprivation
  • Inequity
  • Magirnalization
  • Bad Governance
• Deprivation


  the lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity
• Inequity 


  lack of fairness
• Magirnalization


  treatment of person, group, or concept as significant of peripheral; also

  referred to as social exclusion...
• Bad Governance


  centralized around the idea of not only corruption within a system but a

  lack of transparency or accountability...
• Types of Poverty

  • Absolute Poverty
  • Chronic Poverty
  • Relative Poverty
  • Transitory Poverty
  • Self-rated Poverty
• Absolute Poverty 


  refers to the inability to sustain life without assistance from the government or community
• Chronic Poverty


  the chronic poor may not be able to participate in economic growth owing to a long illness, lacks requisite human capital, etc., reaching them through direct intervention may not be at all easy especially if the quality of government is poor
• Relative Poverty 


  inequality in income distribution
• Transitory Poverty 


  many are poor simply because of low income from employment and assets. This type of poverty diminishes in importance over tie as the economy grows
• Self-rated Poverty 


  poverty from the perspective of the poor. “How Poor do poor people feel?"
• Millennium Development Goals (MDG):
• Business has been described as oligarchical (a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution), political and quasi-feudal. The ruling oligarchy of the Marcos era remains entrenched.
• High population growth


  one of the Philippines biggest economic problems. Gains made by

  economic growth are usually cancelled out by increased numbers of people looking for work and suffering under poverty.
• RA No. 5416 


  Known as the Social Welfare Act Elevating the SWA into Department