male reproductive system

• male reproductive system


  secrete androgen hormones, produce gametes (sperm), and facilitate fertilization
• gonads


  testes, site for gamete production and hormone secretion
• ducts

  vas deferent, ejaculatory ducts, urethra store and transport gametes
• glands

  seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourthethral gland produce secretions to protect and support gametes
• structures

  penis, deliver and/or assist in joining gametes
• scrotum

  supporting structure for testes, sac of loose skin and superficial fascia that hangs from the root of the penis, contraction of muscle fibers regulates the testicular temp to that required fro sperm production
• testes divided into lobules

  lobules contain 1-3 seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced
• penis

  contains the urethra, passage for the ejaculation of semen and the excretion of urine, contains: body, glans penis, and root. two dorsolateral masses: corpora cavernosa penis, smaller midventral mass: corpus spongiousum penis
• at puberty, the anterior pituitary increases secretion of

  LH and FSH
• LH (leutenizing hormone)

  stimulates leydig cells, between seminiferous tubules, to secrete testosterone
• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

  stimulates Sertoli cells increasing the rate of spermatogenesis
• Sertoli cells

  release inhibin, a hormone that inhibits FSH
• sperm

  contain several structures that are highly adapted for reaching and penetrating a secondary oocyte
• head of sperm

  the nucleus contains 23 highly condensed chromosomes (half the normal number); Acrosome: cap-like vesicle with enzymes that help a sperm to penetrate a secondary oocyte
• tail of sperm

  anterior portion (middle piece) contains many mitochondria which provide the energy (ATP) for locomotion
• sperm travel route

  seminiferous tubules -> rete testis -> efferent ducts -> ductus epididymis -> vas (ductus) deferens -> ejaculatory duct (within the prostate gland) -> urethra (3 portions: prostatic, membranous, penile)
• seminal vesicles

  viscous, alkaline fluid (mainly during ejaculation); makes up 60% of the total volume; contains: fructose(for energy), prostaglandins (to stimulate smooth muscle contractions) and clotting proteins (fibrinogen); alkalinity neutralizes that acidity in the male urethra and the female reproductive tract
• prostate

  chestnut sized, donut shaped gland; 25% of ejaculate volume; milky, slightly acidic solution; contains: citric acid (for energy). acid phosphatase, and proteolytic enzymes (PSA and hyaluronidase)
• bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland

  pea sized gland inferior to the prostate; protective alkaline mucus (decreases sperm damage in the urethra)
• scrotum

  protects and regulates the temperature of the testes
• sperm mature and are store in the

  epididymis
• what directly triggers spermatogenesis

  FSH - by steroli cells
• what hormone stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone

  LH
• spermatogenesis is ideal at what temperature

  94-96F, 2 to 3 degrees below core temp
• sperm move from the ejaculatory duct to the

  urethra
• what is inferior to the bladder and secretes citric acid

  prostate
• which hormone is released by leydig cells

  Testosterone
• seminal vesicles

  produces majority of the volume of semen (60%)
• the ___ provides fluid with fructose in it to give sperm ___

  seminal vesicles; energy
• pH in the urethra is ___ so the ___ makes fluid that will neutralize it

  acidic; bulbourethral gland
• sperm are produced in

  seminiferous tubules
• inhibin

  inhibits spermatogenesis (by inhibiting FSH)
• T/F: the penis becomes erect due ti the sympathetic nervous system

  false- penis becomes erect due to parasympathetic nervous system