h5

• Participatory Development


  seeks to engage local populations in development

  projects.
• Participatory Development emerged in the 1970s, when it was introduced as an important part of the "basic needs approach" to development.
• Top-down approach


  can be made and implemented very quickly when time is limited, it helps align the project goals with the organization's strategic goals as upper management is giving the directions
• Stakeholder


  an "individual or group that has an interest in any decision or

  activity of an organization.
• General Public


  those who are directly or indirectly affected by the project (women’s

  groups, individuals and families, indigenous groups, religious groups)
• Government 


  civil servants in ministries, cabinets, etc. Representative assemblies: elected government bodies (parliament, national and local assemblies, district and municipal assemblies, elected community leaders
• Civil Society Organization


  networks, national and international NGOs, grassroots organizations, trade unions, policy development and research institutes, media, community-based organizations.
• Private Sector


  umbrella groups representing groups within the private sector,

  professional associations, chambers of commerce.
• Donor and international financial institutions


  resource providers and development partners.
• 1. Decentralization and devolution of authority to LGUs - is a form of participation, in the sense that sub-national agencies now play a bigger role in the bringing about national progress.
  2. Cooperation with CSO/NGOs- continues to strengthen the effectiveness and sustainability of ADB poverty reduction efforts by harnessing NGO experience, knowledge, and expertise.
  3. Networks or consortia of regional and/or national CSO/NGOs have proliferated the past years establishing platforms for both operations and advocacy.
  4. Global efforts towards harmonization among Governments and Development Partners
• Social Movement Perspective


  defines participation as the mobilization of people to eliminate unjust hierarchies of and knowledge, power, and economic distribution.
• Empowerment participation


  is when primary stakeholders are capable and willing to initiate the process and take part in the analysis.
• Institutional Perspective 


  defines participation as the reach and inclusion of inputs by relevant groups in the design and implementation of a development project.
• PARTICIPATORY FRAMEWORK

  Stages of a Participatory Development Project from an Institutional Perspective

  1. Research Stage is where the development problem is accurately defined.
  2. Design Stage defines the actual activities.
  3. Implementation Stage is when the planned intervention is implemented.
  4. Evaluation Stage participation ensures that the most significant changes are voiced, brought to common attention and assessed.
• Participatory Approaches and Methods

  • Information sharing (or gathering)
  • Consultation
  • Collaboration/joint decision making
  • Empowerment/shared control
• Information sharing (or gathering)


  At the passive or shallow end of the participation scale
• Consultation


  People being asked for their opinion about something while development professionals listen to their views
• Collaboration/joint decision making


  Represents what most participatory development practitioners consider to be genuine participation
• Shared control


  Involves deeper participation than collaboration. Citizens become empowered by accepting increasing responsibility for developing and implementing action plans that are accountable to group members and for either creating or strengthening local institutions.
• Community residents 


  became actors in project design, rather than being simply (passive) beneficiaries.