Mitosis

• Cell Cycle


  Mitosis

  
• Interphase


  • Long period of the cell cycle between one mitosis and the next
  • Includes G1, S, and G2 phases

  
• G1 phase (Gap 1)


  Cellular contents excluding the chromosomes, are duplicated
• S phase (DNA Synthesis)


  Each of the 46 chromosomes are duplicated by the cell
• G2 phase (Gap 2)


  The Cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repair
• Mitosis

  Nuclear/chemical events resulting in two daughter nuclei which have identical genetic material to each other and to the mother cell
• Prophase

  1. Chromosomes condense and become visible

  2. Centrioles form and move toward opposite ends of the cell

  3. Nuclear membrane dissolves

  4. Mitotic spindle forms

  
• Metaphase

  1. Centrioles complete their migration to the poles

  2. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• Anaphase

  1. Spindles attached to kinetochores begin to shorten

  2. This exerts a force on the sister chromatids that pulls them apart

  3. Spindle fibers continue to shorten, pulling chromatids to opposite poles
• Telophase


  1. The chromosomes decondense

  2. The nuclear envelope forms
• Cytokinesis

  Division of the cytoplasm, creating two daughter cells
• 1. Phase


  Mitosis + Cytokinesis

  
• Centromere


  Area where sister chromatids are held together
• Chromatid


  Each of a pair of identical DNA molecules after DNA replication, joined at the centromere
• Spindle fibers


  Fibers that attach to chromosomes and move the chromosomes by pulling homologous chromosomes in opposite directions and pushing the poles apart
• Centrioles


  Cellular organelles that function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, consisting of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle
• Microtubules


  Minute tubules in eukaryotic cytoplasm that are composed of the protein tubulin and form an important component of the cytoskeleton, mitotic spindle, cilia, and flagella
• Kinetochores


  Specialized structure on the centromere to which the microtubular spindle fibers attach during mitosis and meiosis