Science Q1 module 4

• Types of biodiversity


  • Genetic diversity
  • Species diversity
  • Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity


  The variation of genes within species
• Species diversity


  The variety and abundance of species within a region
• Ecosystem diversity


  The variation among groups of organisms in different physical settings
• Population


  The number of organisms of the same species living in the same region
• Community


  Composed of different organisms living in the same region
• Biodiversity index


  A scale of the diversity of plant and animal species in a given area, expressed as: Total # of different Species / Total # of Living Items
• Biodiversity index


  • It is a widely used tool for estimating the complexity, stability, and general health of an ecosystem
• Limiting factors


  Factors that can cause changes in population size, such as lack of resources, predation, diseases, migration, light, temperature, and soil nutrients
• Carrying capacity


  The size of a biological species that can be sustained in a specific environment, given all the available resources
• Endangered species


  Species whose population is so low that it has a great tendency to become extinct
• Endangered animals in the Philippines


  • Tarsier in Bohol
  • Philippine eagle
  • Philippines freshwater crocodiles
  • Tamaraw in Mindoro
  • Philippine naked-backed fruit bat in Cebu
• Vulnerable species


  Species at risk in terms of the number of population of its kind
• Limiting factors


  Environmental conditions that keep a population from increasing in size and help balance the ecosystem
• Endangered species


  Species with a population that is very low and at risk of extinction
• Population


  A group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place
• Biodiversity


  The variety of life in an area
• Evolution


  The gradual change of organisms from one state to another
• Migration


  The movement of a species into a new area
• Predation, diseases, and migration are other reasons for limiting factors
• Light, temperature, and soil nutrients are also limiting factors because they help identify what kind of organism lived in a certain area
• Increasing the number of population size that an area can support

  Carrying capacity
• If the carrying capacity reaches its maximum point, the organism in that area will die because not all of their needs can be met
• Endangered species


  Species with a decreasing population size, where only a few remain
• Endangered animals in the Philippines


  • Tarsier in Bohol
  • Philippine eagle
  • Philippines freshwater crocodiles
  • Tamaraw in Mindoro
  • Philippine naked-backed fruit bat in Cebu
• Threatened species


  Species that are vulnerable and at risk in terms of the number of population
• Extinction


  When the last member of a species dies
• Natural causes of species extinction

  • Climate change
  • Land development
  • Acid precipitation
  • Diseases/Epidemic
  • Meteoric impact/Cosmic radiation
  • Spread of invasive species
• Man-made causes of species extinction

  • Deforestation
  • Pollution
  • Destruction of coastal resources
• Environmental conditions and issues can affect both local and global perspectives and can create a big impact in sustaining the ecological balance of the earth
• If an organism continues to live for more than a year and continues to adapt to its changing environment, it will still exist and somehow undergo evolution
• Geologic timescale


  A timetable of the earth's history
• Geologic eras


  • Paleozoic era (prehistoric life)
  • Mesozoic era (middle life)
  • Cenozoic era (recent life)
• Endothermy


  The existence of warm-blooded animals and humans
• Limiting factors are environmental conditions that keep a population from decreasing in size and help balance the ecosystem
• A species is endangered when its population is low which is nearly extinct
• The carrying capacity is affected by changes in the environment
• Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place
• Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the area
• Evolution is a branch of life science that describes the rapid change of organisms from one state to another