Cardiac

• Increased blood flow defects are ASD, VSD, and PDA
• decreased blood flow defects is tetralogy of fallot
• obstruction of blood flow defect is CoA
• mixed blood flow defect is transposition of the great vessels
• ASD is a hole in the septum that separates the left and right atria
• signs and symptoms of ASD

  • asymptomatic
  • s/s of heart failure
  • systolic murmur
• treatment of ASD is a cardiac cath or surgical patch
• VSD is a hole in the septum between the left and right ventricles
• signs and symptoms of VSD

  • s/s of heart failure
  • loud systolic murmur at the left sternal border
• treatment of VSD is surgery to suture or a patch
• PDA is when a fetal artery connects the aorta to pulmonary artery and doesn't close
• signs and symptoms of PDA

  • machine hum murmur
  • bounding pulses
  • wide pulse pressure
• treatment of PDA is indomethacin to close the hole
• tetralogy of fallot (PROV)

  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Overriding aorta
  • Ventricular septal defect
• signs and symptoms of tetralogy

  • cyanosis
  • systolic murmur
  • tet spells
• during a tet spell but knees to chest
• treatment of tetralogy is a surgical repair
• coarctation of aorta is a narrowing of the aorta
• signs and symptoms of CoA

  • upper extremity HTN and bounding pulses
  • lower extremity poor perfusion, and weak pulses
• treatment of CoA is a balloon angioplasty or stents; surgically remove
• transposition of the great vessels is when the pulmonary artery connections are reversed

  • deoxygenated blood to the body
  • oxygenated blood to the lungs
• signs and symptoms of transposition

  • heart failure
  • shortness of breath
  • cardiomegaly
  • cyanosis
  • hypoxia
  • murmur
  • fatigue
  • poor growth
• transposition treatment is a prostaglandin drip until surgery

  • keep PDA open