Ozone story

Created by

Gareth Clinker

Cards (79)

What is the formula for the speed of light? 
Frequency x wavelength
What is the equation for energy of electromagnetic radiation?
Planck's constant x Frequency
What is formed by heterolytic fission?
A cation and anion (positive and negative ion with charges +1 and -1 respectively)
How do you convert from parts per million to percentage?
Divide by 10,000
How do you convert from percentage to parts per million?
Multiply by 10,000
What is the name of the sphere closest to the Earth's surface?
Troposphere
Name all types of electromagnetic radiation, from lowest energy to highest energy
Radiowaves,
microwaves,
infrared,
visible light,
ultraviolet,
X-rays and
gamma rays
Define the term 'bond fission'
The breaking of a covalent bond
What is formed by homolytic fission?
Two radicals
Define the term 'radical' 
A species with a lone electron.
Give 3 ways of monitoring the rate of reaction when hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate
Measuring mass lost, collecting volume of carbon dioxide produced or measuring pH
Apart from using a colorimeter, how can rate of precipitation reactions be monitored? 
You could record the time taken for a solution to become so opaque that a cross on a piece of paper held behind the reaction vessel can no longer be seen
What type of radiation causes a change of vibrational energy level?
Infrared
What type of radiation causes a change of rotational energy level?
Microwaves
Describe what is meant when energy is 'quantised'
It has fixed levels
Rank the types of energy associated with the behaviour of a molecule from lowest to highest energy
Translational,
rotational,
vibrational,
electronic
Name the 4 types of energy associated with a molecule's behaviour?
Translational,
rotational,
vibrational and
electronic
When the speed doubles, the kinetic energy _________________ 
quadruples
What is the proportional relationship between kinetic energy and velocity? 
KE ∝ Velocity squared
What is the formula of an ethanoate ion?
CH3COO-
What is the formula of a cyanide ion?
CN-
What is the formula of a hydroxide ion?
OH-
Define the term 'activation enthalpy'
The minimum kinetic energy required by a pair of colliding particles before a reaction will occur.
Give 3 possible outcomes if a chlorine molecule absorbs radiation
Release of energy and Cl2 return to its original state
Ionisation - An electron is removed to form Cl2+
Dissociation - two chlorine radicals are formed.
What type of energy change is caused when a molecule absorbs visible light or ultraviolet radiation?
A change of electronic energy level
What type of energy change is caused when a molecule absorbs infrared radiation?
A change of vibrational energy level
What type of energy change is caused when a molecule absorbs microwave radiation?
A change of rotational energy level
Give two units for frequency
Hz or s^-1
How many hertz are equal to 1s^-1?
1
What types of radiation cause a change of electronic energy level?
Visible light and ultraviolet
What is the formula of an ethoxide ion?
C2H5O-
Liquids that have hydrogen bonding have a ___________ viscosity
high
Define the term 'viscosity'
How thick a liquid is - high viscosity means that a liquid is thick
Polar substances tend to be ___________ in water
soluble
How are hydroxyl radicals formed?
They are produced when oxygen and water react in the stratosphere
How many hydrogen bonds can be formed per molecule of water?
2
Give the formula for rate of reaction
Change in property / Time taken
What happens during the transition state of a reaction?
Existing bonds begin to stretch and break while new bonds begin to be formed
What does a colorimeter do?
It measures the colour change of a reaction
Define the term 'homogeneous catalyst' 
A catalyst that is in the same physical state as the reactants. It normally works by forming an intermediate compound with the reactants