What’s in medicine

Created by

Gareth Clinker

Cards (82)

Name the homologous series : (RCO)2O 
Acid anhydrides
Name the homologous series: RCOOH
Carboxylic acids
Name the homologous series: RCOR'
Ketones
Name the homologous series: RCHO
Aldehydes
Name the homologous series: ROH
Alcohols
Name the homologous series: ROR'
Ethers
When naming an ether, which part takes the -thane? 
The longer carbon chain
When naming an ether, which part takes the -oxy?
The shorter carbon chain
When naming an ester, which part takes the -yl? 
The group bonded to the -O. This group comes from the alcohol
When naming an ester, which part takes the -oate? 
The group bonded to the C=O. This group comes from the carboxylic acid
Name the homologous series: RCOOR' 
Esters
Define the term 'primary alcohol'
An alcohol where the carbon which is bonded to the -OH group is bonded to one other carbon
Define the term 'secondary alcohol'
An alcohol where the carbon which is bonded to the -OH group is bonded to two other carbons
Define the term 'tertiary alcohol'
An alcohol where the carbon which is bonded to the -OH group is bonded to three other carbons
What product(s) can be made when a primary alcohol is oxidised?
An aldehyde or carboxylic acid
What product(s) can be made when a secondary alcohol is oxidised?
A ketone
What product(s) can be made when a tertiary alcohol is oxidised?
None -tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised
Name the oxidising agent used in the oxidation of alcohols
Acidified potassium dichromate (VI)
When an alcohol is oxidised, why does the mixture go from orange to green in colour?
The orange dichromate (VI) ions are reduced to green chromium (III) ions
Which technique is used to produce a carboxylic acid from an alcohol?
Heating under reflux
Which technique is used to produce an aldehyde from an alcohol?
Distillation
Which technique is used to produce a ketone from an alcohol?
Heating under reflux
Name the process in which an alkene can be synthesized from an alcohol
Dehydration of an alcohol
Describe briefly the two methods that can be used to dehydrate an alcohol to an alkene
A heated catalyst of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) at 300 degrees Celsius can be used to produce alkene gas, or the alcohol could be refluxed at 170 degrees Celsius with excess concentrated sulphuric acid
Name the dehydrating agent in the dehydration reaction of ethanol (when refluxed) 
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Define the term 'elimination reaction'
A reaction where a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule, leaving an unsaturated molecule. In the case of alcohols, the small molecule is water.
When an alcohol and a carboxylic acid react, what are the products?
An ester and water
Define the term 'condensation reaction'
A reaction that produces water
Apart from the reaction of an alcohol and carboxylic acid, how can an ester be produced? What are the products of this reaction?
Reaction of an alcohol and an acid anhydride. Products are an ester and carboxylic acid
Which esterification reaction is reversible?
The reaction of an alcohol and carboxylic acid
Name the type of reaction where a haloalkane is produced from an alcohol
Substitution reaction
What is a phenol?
A benzene ring with at least one -OH group attached (other groups may also be attached to the benzene ring)
What is the test for a phenol?
Iron (III) chloride will form a purple complex when added to a phenol
What happens when phenols dissolve in water?
They dissociate to form an oxonium ion/hydrogen ion and a phenoxide ion
As phenols dissolve in water to form H+ ions, they are __________
(Weakly) acidic
Does a phenol react with sodium hydroxide?
Yes - the products are sodium phenoxide and water
Does a phenol react with sodium carbonate?
No - phenols are not acidic enough
Does a phenol react with an acid anhydride?
Yes - an ester and a carboxylic acid are formed
Does a phenol react with a carboxylic acid?
No
What is meant by 'wavenumber'?
1/wavelength (in cm)