Global context

• Safe water:

  water that is not contaminated with disease causing pathogens such as bacteria, viruses or chemicals such as lead

  • diarrhoea
  • cholera
• sanitation:

  provision of facilities and services for safe disposal of urine and faeces

  • stick worms
• poverty:

  not having enough resources to meet the basic needs such as food, shelter and clothing

  • flue = no shelter for protection =
  • malnutrition, anaemia
• discrimination:

  when a person or group are treated differently then other people, often as a result of various factors

  • back pain, permanent damage = due to carrying water back and forth
• marketing:

  activities of company associated with selling a product or service including advertising seeling and delivering of a product to people

  • obesity = processed food
  • cardiovascular disease = tobacco and alcohol
• sustainability:

  meeting the needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• environmental sustainability:

  relates to natural environment being used in a way that will preserve resources into the future

  • sustainable use of natural sources allows for future and current generation to earn income
  • sea levels rise would impact both current and future = stress
• social sustainbility:

  creating equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens which can be maintained indefinitely

  • safe working conditions: less injuries
  • gender equality: sense of purpose
  • peace and security: less stress and anxiety
• economic sustainability:

  related to the capacity of economic growth, by present generation earning an income and efficient use of resources

  • job creation: more income, adequate food, immune system
  • innovative industries: average income for next generation
• The double burden of disease (DBOD):

  refers to the co-existence of diseases associated with poverty (i.e. malnutrition and communicable diseases), as well as diseases associated with wealth (i.e. non-communicable diseases).
• economic characteristics:

  • income
  • poverty
• social chartersitics:

  • gender equality
  • Birth Rate
• environmental characteristics:

  • access to safe water
  • food security
• low income:

  • low, weak, poor
• middle income:

  • intermediate
  • moderate
• high income:

  • high
  • strong
  • effective
• Similarities:

  • life expectancy for all countries have increased overtime
  • decrease in U5MR and maternal mortality rates for all countries
  • increase rates of obesity for all countries
  • females have higher life expectancy, HALE then males acros all countries
• differences

  • low income ave high U5MR then high income
  • low & Middle have significant communicable disease compared to high income
  • high income have significant non communicable disease compared to low income
• Human development characteristics:

  • develop their full potential
  • expand choices
  • enhance capability
  • access to kwoeldge
  • decent standard living
  • lead productive and creative lives
  • participate in the community and make decision
• HDI: Indicators

  • life expectancy at birth
  • mean years of schooling
  • expected years of schooling
  • GNI per capita
• HDI:

  Advantages:

  • Holistic view, takes more then income into account
  • effective for analysing progress made by countries over time
• HDI:

  disadvnatges:

  • doesn't include aspects of human development like gender equality
  • Based on averages this doesn't account for inequities
• HDI: dimension:

  • long and healthy life
  • knwoledge
  • a decent standard of living
• Climate Change:

  • lead to malnutrtion due to unstable ecosystem for
  • lack of clean drinking water can cause infectious disease
  • people may lose sense of belonging if they have to move due to rising sea level
• increase in Conflict:

  • stress and anxiety due to conflict
  • damage to roads and building, lack of peace and harmony
  • limited access to water and food supply which can cause malnuttrition
• increase in Migration:

  • being forced to relocate can cause stress/anxiety
  • relocating can intever with social networks of friends
  • relocating can cause disconnection from community as they may not have peace and harmony
• increase World trade:

  • increase employment can increase standard of living reducing hunger
  • unsafe working conditions in low income can cause injury and death
  • by having standard of leaving gives you sense of purpose
• Increase tourism

  • by having tourism it increases diversity and a person is able to form a productive relationship with others
  • tourism promotes cultural values and diversity and community heritage and foaster prid
• Increase technology:

  • mobile phones can be used if disasters happens, reducing stress/anxiety
  • people can engage directly with health related education which can be used to improve their overal health
• HDI: tool developed by united nations, which ranks and measures countries based on social and economic factors. It provides a single statistics on 3 dimensions, (long & healthy life, knowledge, decent standard of living) and four indicators: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, GNI)