Biology (Cells)

• Cell


  The smallest living unit in all organisms
• Modern cell theory

  1. The cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms
  2. All living things are made of cells
  3. All cells come from other, pre-existing cells
• Unicellular


  A single-celled organism
• Multicellular


  Organisms made of many cells
• Types of cells

  • Prokaryotes
  • Eukaryotes
• Prokaryotes


  • Have no nucleus
  • Have no membrane bound organelles
• Eukaryotes


  • Have membrane bound organelles
• Getting through the cell membrane

  Selectively permeable

  Keeps things in the cell stable (homeostasis)
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like material that surrounds internal cell structures
• Cytoskeleton


  Collection of fibers that provide support and play a role in cell movement
• Ribosomes


  Organelles that make proteins
• Nucleus


  Holds the genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities
• Nucleolus


  Where ribosomes are produced
• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)


  Processes and transports molecules

  Rough ER has ribosomes attached, smooth ER does not
• Golgi apparatus

  Packaging and sorting center for molecules
• Mitochondria


  Power plant that makes ATP energy through cellular respiration
• Chloroplasts


  Organelles in plant cells that make glucose through photosynthesis
• Vacuoles

  Storage organelles, larger in plant cells
• Cell wall


  Additional layer in plant cells that offers protection and shape maintenance
• How a protein gets out of the cell

  Instructions from DNA

  Made by ribosomes

  Transported through ER and Golgi

  Secreted through the cell membrane