Circulatory System (Ch.4)

• Circulatory system


  The system that circulates blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients and other essential materials to the fluids surrounding the cells, and removes waste products and conveys the wastes to organs from which they are excreted
• Functions of the cardiovascular system

  • Circulates blood throughout the body, delivering nutrients and other essential materials to the fluids surrounding the cells
  • Removes waste products and conveys the wastes to organs from which they are excreted
• Cardi(o)


  heart
• Angi(o), vas(o), vascul(o)

  vessel
• Aort(o)

  aorta
• Arter(o), arteri(o)

  artery
• Arteriol(o)

  arteriole
• • ole


  small
• Phleb(o), ven(i), ven(o)

  vein
• Venul(o)

  venule
• Pulmon(o)

  lungs
• Blood circulation

  1. Enters heart

  2. Flows through body

  3. Returns to heart
• Mediastin(o)

  mediastinum
• Coron(o)

  crown
• Endocardi(o)

  endocardium
• Myocardi(o)

  myocardium
• Pericardi(o)

  pericardium
• Sin(o)

  sinus
• Sept(o)

  wall/septal
• Atri(o)


  atrium/atrial
• Ventricul(o)

  ventricle/ventricular
• Valv(o), valvul(o)

  valve/valval, valvar, valvate, valvular, valvula
• Circulation of blood through the heart

  1. Flows into heart

  2. Flows through heart chambers

  3. Flows out of heart
• Conduction system


  Electrical system that coordinates the contraction of the heart
• Heart rate


  Number of beats per minute
• Pulse


  Rhythmic expansion of an artery lying near the skin surface that can be felt with the finger
• Normal resting pulse

  60-100 bpm
• Bradycardia

  Less than 60 bpm
• Tachycardia

  More than 100 bpm
• Blood pressure

  Systolic/diastolic pressure
• Systolic pressure


  Pressure when the ventricles contract
• Diastolic pressure


  Pressure when the ventricles relax
• Sphygmomanometer

  Measures blood pressure
• Lipids: cholesterol and triglycerides
• Lipoproteins: low-density (LDL), high-density (HDL)
• Enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test, creatine kinase (CK) test, creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
• Rhythm(o), -rrhythm(o)

  rhythm
• De-


  down, from, or reversing
• Scler(o), -sclerosis

  hard, hardening
• • stenosis


  narrowing; stricture