theory based on cognitive expectancies concerning outcomes that are likely to occur as a result of the participant’s behavior
EXPECTANCY THEORY Vroom (1964)
person’s response is instrumental in gaining a consequence that reinforces or rewards. Training should include reinforcement or rewards to motivate the participants.
REINFORCEMENT THEORY B.F. Skinner
emphasized learned needs as motivators of human behavior.
NEED THEORY AND MOTIVATION Atkinson and Feather (1966)
based on the belief that people want to be treated fairly