READING AND WRITING - LESSON 1

• NARRATION - is a story written to explain what, when and who.
• DESCRIPTION - Provides details on the idea by using either a sensory or spatial pattern.
• DEFINITION - explains not just what something means or is, but also how it is defined.
• Scientific Definition - defines concepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real- world facts.
• Subjective definition - it defines the objects in a more personal way
• Separately - involves describing one item first followed by the second item.
• Side-by-side - involves discussing both items based on each point of comparison
• Exemplification - provides examples and illustrations in order to further clarify or explain the concept of subject matter.
• Classification - Divides things into groups, classes, or categories.
• Cause and Effect - Explains why something happens or what results a particular event produces
• Cause to Effect - The cause can be an event or action, can be stated right at the beginning of a paragraph, followed by sentences stating the effects.

  • explaining a single cause with different effects.
• Effect to Cause - the effect can be stated at the beginning of the text, followed by sentences and paragraphs that expounds on the causes.

  • Single effect with different causes
• Consecutive cause and effects - the causes, each with its corresponding effect, are tackled one by one in a few sentences or a paragraph.
• Problem-Solution - focuses on either a problem or solution in a particular area or situation.
• Problem-Solution - straight forward approach.
• Problem-Cause-Solution - cause of the problem is identified and analyzed, and a possible solution is presented.
• Problem-Process-Solution - process or procedure is discussed extensively.