MODULE 1

• "In order to carry a positive action, we must develop here a positive vision." – Dalai Lama
• must


  Expresses obligation
• The modal must

  Expresses obligation and certainty
• "Instead of worrying about what you cannot control, shift your energy to what you _____ create." ― Roy T. Bennett
• cannot


  Expresses prohibition
• can


  Expresses permission
• Modal


  A word which is used with a main verb to express ideas such as possibility, intention, or necessity
• Modals of permission, obligation and prohibition

  • can
  • could
  • may
  • must
  • should
  • have to
  • ought to
• Before Reading Activity: How do you conversate to someone who is older than you? Or to someone just the same age like you? How about if you were ask for a formal interview, how will you respond?
• An Interview with an Environmental Activist (Excerpt)
• Jillian's advocacy is environmental activism
• Modals are helping verbs that are used to express feelings, attitudes and opinions
• Using modals, we can express that something is necessary or possible, prohibited, strong or weak preferences, or give advice or permission
• In writing modals, follow this pattern: modal + main verb
• You think you didn't do well in the exams.
• Yes Pa. May I go now?
• Modals


  Words that express permission, obligation or prohibition
• Modals of permission, obligation and prohibition


  • Differ in the degree of necessity or permission they express
• Modals


  Help in communicating to others
• Values should be practiced when using modals in communicating with others
• Me, Myself and I


  • As a teenager, I may...
  • As a student, I must...
  • As a son/daughter, I must not...
• Dalai Lama once said, "In order to carry a positive action, we must develop here a positive vision."
• Since I am completely aware of my capabilities and responsibilities, it is easier for me to realize my goal which is ____________
• I can only achieve that goal if ___________________________________