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• what are the types of energy?

  Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear, and electromagnetic.
• how can energy be transferred? 


  mechanical work, electrical work, heating, radiation
• energy cannot be created or destroyed
• whats a renewable energy source?


  wind, solar, bioenergy, hydroelectric tidal
• what's a non renewable energy source 


  coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear energy
• what is current?


  Flow of electric charge.
• what is potential difference?


  difference in potential between 2 different points in a circuit (voltage)
• what is charge?


  amount of electricity traveling through a circuit
• what is resistance?


  anything that slows the flow of charge, usually electrons colliding with ions
• what is a series circuit?


  A circuit where the components are connected in a single path, so the current flows through each component in sequence.
• what is a parallel circuit? 


  a circuit with 2 or more loops
• what is direct current? 


  a current that moves in 1 direction only
• what is an alternate current?


  a current which flows forward and backward
• what is the mains electric

  230 v 50 hz
• what is the blue wire 


  neutral, completes the circuit
• what is the brown wire

  live wire, carys alternating current from the supply
• what is the yellow/green wire

  earth , stops appliance from becoming live
• what is a step up transformer?


  increases potential difference and decreases current
• what is a step down transformer?


  decrease the potential difference and increases current
• what is the process from solid to liquid?

  melting
• what is the process from solid to gas

  sublimation
• what is gas to liquid?

  condensation
• what is gas to solid?


  sublimation
• what is liquid to gas

  evaporation
• liquid to solid ?


  freezing
• what is an atom and its properties?


  Basic unit of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. it has a positively charged nucleus.
• electron arrangements may change with absorption of electromagnetic radiation (move further from nucleus) or emission of electromagnetic radiation (move closer to the nucleus)
• what is an isotope?


  2 of the same elements with different amounts of neutrons
• what was the plum pudding model ?


  it suggested the atom was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded into it.
• what led to the discovery of the nucleus?

  Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
• the nuclear model replaced the plum pudding model
• what is radioactive decay?


  a nucleus gives out radiation as it changes to become more stable
• what is an alpha particle? 


  consists of 2 neutrons and 2 protons (a helium nucleus)
• what is a beta particle?

  A high speed electron emitted from the nucleus of an atom turning into a proton
• what is a gamma ray?


  High-energy electromagnetic radiation.
• what can stop alpha particles 


  skin, paper, or a few cm of air
• what can stop beta particles?

  a few cm of aluminum
• what stops gamma rays?


  lead
• what is a half life?


  the time it takes for the number of nuclei to half