sci

• Science is a systematic study that is concerned with facts and principles, and methods that could be observed in our natural or physical and social environment
• Science


  Comes from the Latin word 'scire' that means 'to know'
• Science


  • It is both a body of knowledge and a process – a way of thinking, a way of solving problems
• The Branches of Science

  • The Physical Sciences
  • The Earth Sciences
  • The Life Sciences (Biology)
• Physics


  The study of matter and energy and the interactions between them
• Chemistry


  The science that deals with the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter
• Astronomy


  The study of the universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere
• Geology


  The science of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological changes that it has experienced or is experiencing
• Oceanography


  The exploration and study of the ocean
• Paleontology


  The science of the forms of life that existed in prehistoric or geologic periods
• Meteorology


  The science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena, such as weather and climate
• Botany


  The study of plants
• Zoology


  The science that covers animals and animal life
• Genetics


  The study of heredity
• Medicine


  The science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, disease, and injury
• Biology


  The area of science dealing with living things. It includes biological concepts and process skills, technology and attitudes and values for addressing the needs and problems of society. In recent years, the development of techniques in genetic engineering and increased understanding of the molecular basis of cellular processes have led to the emergence of a new and exciting field of scientific research called biotechnology.
• Organic compounds


  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Enzymes
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Vitamins
• Scientific Method


  1. Identify and clearly state the problem

  2. Gather information pertinent to the problem

  3. Formulate hypothesis

  4. Test the hypothesis

  5. Draw a generalization or conclusion

  6. Apply the principle (conclusion) to other situations
• Carbohydrates


  Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Their sizes range from the small simple sugars like glucose and fructose to the large and complex forms like starch and glycogen. Only the simple sugars (monosaccharides) can easily pass across cell membranes. Most carbohydrates serve as energy molecules or energy reserves in living organisms.
• Phenomenon


  A thing observed by the senses
• Fact


  A scientifically tested observation
• Cellulose


  Gives strength and protection to plant cells.
• Lipids


  Macromolecules such as fats, oils and waxes. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The building blocks used to form fats are fatty acids and glycerol. Some excess food in the body is stored as fats. Lipids that are liquid at room temperature are known as oils. Waxes serve as protective body covering to organisms. They make plant and animal tissues water-resistant.
• Controlled experiment


  • Manipulating one of the conditions or factors that may affect the result of experiment
  • Trials - number of times experiment is repeated
  • Controls - factors that are kept constant throughout the experiment
  • Variables - factors that change during the experiment
• Proteins


  Made up of repeating units of amino acids. They are a component of the muscles and all other tissues. In the form of enzymes, they control the rate of chemical reactions inside the cell. Without the enzymes, such chemical processes hardly occur.
• Independent or experimental variable


  Factors that are changed
• Enzymes


  Proteins that act as catalysts (substances that can increase or speed up chemical reaction). Enzymes are specific in their actions. They are not used up in the reaction.
• Nucleic Acids


  Carriers of hereditary information in living organisms. What an organism looks like, and what it can do, are controlled by nucleic acids.
• Dependent variable


  Factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable
• Vitamins


  Substances necessary in very small amount for body growth and activity. They are also needed to prevent certain diseases. Vitamins are organic substances essential to life but not required as energy sources. The sources of most Vitamins are plants and bacteria.
• Inorganic compounds


  • Water
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Minerals
• Conclusion


  A statement about the result of the experiment
• Law


  A statement which describes what happens but does not explain the cause of the occurrence
• Water


  The most abundant inorganic compound. About 65% to 95% of the substances of every living thing is water. It is the medium of transport for food, minerals and other substances in living system.
• Theory


  Hypothesis that can be explained from observations
• Carbon dioxide


  Supplies the carbon found in substances made by living things.
• Minerals


  Chemical elements or compounds occurring naturally. They may come from the soil maybe dissolved in water, or maybe found as salt in seawater. Minerals are absorbed by plant roots in the form of ions.
• Scientific Traits


  • Curiosity
  • Logic and system
  • Open-mindedness
  • Intellectually honest
  • Hardwork and perseverance
  • Not opinionated
  • Creativity and critical thinking
• Life functions


  • Nutrition
  • Transport
  • Metabolism
  • Homeostasis
  • Digestion
  • Absorption
  • Behavior
  • Excretion
  • Reproduction
• Technology


  The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes