6.6- karyotypes

• Karyotype is an image of chromosomes from a cell in organised manner.
• chromosome changes include

  -number

  -part of the chromosome being altered

  -changed arrangement
• deletion is where a section of DNA is removed from the genome, resulting in a frameshift
• translocation is a chromosome breaking off and attaching to another one
• duplication is replication of genes
• trisomy is 3 copies of a chromosome (down syndrome)
• monosmy is 1 member of pair missing.
• xxy- Klinefelter syndrome (breast as a man)

  xo- turner syndrome (no uterus)