ANAPHY

• Anatomic terms


  Describe directions within the body as well as the body's reference planes, cavities, and regions
• Directional terms


  Help determine the exact location of a structure when navigating the body
• Pairs of opposite directional terms

  • Superior and inferior
  • Anterior and posterior
  • Medial and lateral
  • Proximal and distal
  • Superficial and deep
• Proximal


  Closest to the point of origin (or to the trunk)
• Distal


  Farthest from the point of origin (or to the trunk)
• Reference planes


  Imaginary lines used to section the body and its organs, running longitudinally, horizontally, and angularly
• Major body reference planes

  • Median sagittal
  • Frontal
  • Transverse
  • Oblique
• Body cavities


  Spaces within the body that contain the internal organs
• Major closed body cavities

  • Dorsal cavity
  • Ventral cavity
• Dorsal cavity


  Located in the posterior region of the body, further subdivided into the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
• Cranial cavity


  Encases the brain
• Vertebral cavity


  Formed by the vertebrae, encloses the spinal cord
• Ventral cavity


  Occupies the anterior region of the trunk, subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
• Thoracic cavity


  Located superior to the abdominopelvic cavity, subdivided into the pleural cavities and mediastinum
• Pleural cavities


  Each contains a lung
• Mediastinum


  Houses the heart, large vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, and other blood vessels and nerves
• Abdominopelvic cavity


  Has two regions: the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
• Abdominal cavity


  Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
• Pelvic cavity


  Lies inferior to the abdominal cavity, contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum
• Other body cavities


  • Oral cavity (mouth)
  • Nasal cavity (nose)
  • Orbital cavities (eyes)
  • Middle ear cavities
  • Synovial cavities (joints)
• Body regions


  Used to designate body areas that have special nerves or vascular supplies or perform special functions
• Abdominal regions


  • Umbilical region
  • Epigastric region
  • Hypogastric region
  • Iliac (inguinal) regions
  • Lumbar (loin) regions
  • Hypochondriac regions
• Each abdominal region has a specific nerve or vascular supply or performs a special function