ARTA

• Point

  No length, width, and depth<|>Indicates a position in space<|>Directionless<|>Two ends of a line<|>Intersection of a line<|>Center of a field<|>Creates visual tension
• Line


  A point extended<|>Has length, but no width or depth<|>Describing a path in motion<|>Articulate surface of a plane<|>Describes edges of a shape to planes
• Types of Line

  • Vertical lines - represents dignity, formality, stability and strength
  • Horizontal Line - calm, peace, and relaxation
  • Diagonal Lines - action, activity, excitement, and movement
  • Curved Lines - freedom, the natural, having the appearance of softness and creates a soothing feeling or mood, pleasing, sensual and gentle, safety, familiarity
  • Oblique Lines - suggest a movement or direction
• Plane


  A line extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction<|>Conceptually has length and width, but no depth<|>Shape is the primary identifying character of a plane<|>Plane serves its limits or boundaries of a volume<|>Defines three dimensional volumes of mass and space
• Generic Type of Planes

  • Overhead Plane - Roof Plan that shelters the interior spaces of a building from the climatic elements or the Ceiling Plan that forms the upper enclosing surface of a room
  • Wall Plane - Active in our normal field of vision and vital to the shaping and enclosure of architectural space
  • Base Plane - Ground plane that serves the physical foundation and visual base for building forms or the Floor Plan that forms the lower enclosing surface of a room upon we walk
• Volume

  A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction becomes a volume<|>Has length, width, and depth
• Form

  Primary identifying characteristics of a volume<|>Established by a shape<|>Formal structure of a work<|>Established by shape and interrelationship of planes
• Form Transformation

  • Dimensional Transformation - A form can be transformed by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain its identity as a member of family of forms
  • Subtractive Transformation - The form can retain its initial identity or be transformed into a form of another family
  • Additive Transformation - The identity of the initial form can be altered or retained
• Possibilities of Grouping Two Forms

  • Spatial Tension - Relies on the close proximity of the forms of their sharing a common visual trait
  • Edge to Edge Contact - The forms share a common edge and can pivot about that edge
  • Face to Face Contact - It requires the form to have corresponding planar surfaces which are parallel which are parallel to each other
  • Interlocking Volumes - This type of forms interpenetrates each other's space. The forms did not share any visual trait
• Organization of Form and Spaces

  • Space within Space - A space can be contained within a volume of a larger space. A large space can envelop and contain a smaller space within its volume
  • Interlocking Spaces - Two spaces may about each other or share a common border. The field of space may overlap the volume of another space
  • Adjacency Spaces - The most common type of spatial relationship. It allows each spaces to be clearly defined and to respond each in its own way
  • Space Linked by a Common Space - Two spaces may rely on an intermediary space for their relationship. Two spaces that are separated by distance can be linked or related to each other by a third intermediate space
• Spatial Organization

  • Centralized Organization - Stable, concentrated composition that consist of a number of secondary spaces grouped around a large dominant central space
  • Linear Organization - It consists of several spaces. This spaces is either directly related to each other linked through a separate and distinct linear space
  • Radial Organization - It is combined elements of both centralized and linear organization. It has a dominant central space from which a number of linear organizations extend in a radial manner
  • Clustered Organization - It relies on physical proximity to relate its space and relationships
  • Grid Organization - Consist of forms and spaces whose positions in space whose positions in space and relationships with one another are regulated by three dimensional grid pattern
• Color


  • Hue - Refers to the dominant color family. Origins of color we see
  • Tint - A mixture of a color with WHITE. Increases LIGHTNESS
  • Shade - Any hue with BLACK added. Makes color DARKER
  • Analogous - Groups of color that are NEXT TO EACH OTHER on the color wheel
  • Complementary - OPPOSITE HUES on the color wheel
  • Split Complementary - The use of THREE COLORS. Starts with one color; finds its complementary and other 2 colors on its side
  • Triadic - THREE EVENLY SPACED COLOR in the color wheel
  • Opacity - Used to describe how much light can pass through an object ranging from transparent to translucent to opaque
  • Gradient - GRADUAL CHANGE from one color to another
  • Monochromatic - A color palette that uses ONE SINGLE COLOR
  • Grayscale - A monochromatic color palette BASED ON GRAY
• Orientation


  The direction of form relative to the ground plane, the compass point, other forms or to the person viewing form
• Pyramid


  A solid generated by the revolution of a right triangle about one of its sides
• Color


  A phenomenon of light and visual perception that may be described in terms of an individual's perception of hue, saturation and tonal value
• Surface

  Refer to any figure having only two dimensions such as a flat plane and can also allude to a curved two-dimensional locus point defining the boundary of a three-dimensional solid
• Unity

  Sense of oneness, coherence, totality, quality of being whole and finished, sense of completeness; all parts add up to a whole
• Balance

  This could be symmetrical or asymmetrical if the building expresses and maintains a sense of equilibrium
• Golden Section


  It can be defined as the ratio between two sections of a line, or the two dimensions of a plane figure, in which the lesser of the two is to the greater as the greater is to the sum of both
• Scale


  It refers to how we perceive or judge the size of something in relation to something else
• Asymmetrical Balance


  It is when both sides of the central axis are not identical, yet appear to have the same visual weight
• Symmetry

  Refers to the balanced arrangement of similar or equivalent elements on opposite sides of a median axis so that only one plane can divide the whole into essentially identical haves
• Architectural Design Phases

  • Preparation - Collections and analysis of information
  • Initiation - Need for problem identification
  • Proposal Making - Synthesis, bringing together a variety of considerations
  • Schematic Design - Sketching, lots of meetings with the client
  • Construction Documents Phase - Finalize all the technical design and engineering
  • Construction Administration Phase - 20% of the architects works and time
  • Evaluation - Based on goals
  • Bidding - Architects assist the client, answer contractors questions, provide additional documents
• International Style

  An architectural style that has almost "no style at all"
• Art Nouveau

  Antoni Gaudi is known in this architectural style
• Art Deco


  An architectural style known for its linear symmetry
• Organic Architecture

  Founded by Frank Lloyd Wright
• Post-Modern Style


  Simple, functional shape of modernist style replaced by diverse aesthetic
• White Space


  Also referred as the negative space or areas of design that have no design elements
• Proportion


  Principle of design that describes the feeling of unity created when all parts relates well with each other
• Ergonomics


  Branch of science related to the design of spaces of work, products, and systems to best fit to those who use them
• Smooth Surface

  Reflects more light and therefore is a more intense color
• Repetition

  Works with pattern to make the work of art see active. The repetition of elements creates unity within the work of art
• Emphasis


  Is the part of the design that catches the viewers attention
• Movement


  The path of the viewers eyes take through the work of art often to focal areas
• Variety


  The use of several elements of design to hold the viewers attention and to guide the viewers eye
• Texture


  Refers to the literal surface and its visual effects of a material to an interior space