E. ilocanum

• Echinostoma ilocanum is endemic in Luzon, Leyte, Samar, and Mindanao and is also called Garrison’s fluke
• Means of Infection is via ingestion of metacercaria in aquatic plants
• Infective Stage - Metacercaria
• Intermediate Hosts:

  1st IH: Gyraulus convexiusculus, Hippeutis umbilicalis

  2nd IH: Pila luzonica, Vivipara angularis
• Final Host - Man
• Reservoir Host - Aquatic birds
• Habitat - Duodenum and Jejunum
• Has a collarette of spines on a disk surrounding the oral sucker (circumoral spine/disk)

  E. ilocanum
• Praziquantel - drug of choice