mathsci

• Mixture


  A combination of two or more substances present in varied proportion
• Mixtures


  • Gloves
  • Face masks
  • Disinfectant solution
• Homogenous mixture


  Contains substances that are evenly mixed and uniform throughout in terms of physical appearance
• Heterogeneous mixture


  Contains component substances that are usually easy to distinguish
• Heterogeneous mixture


  • Halo-halo
• Heterogeneous mixture


  • Components can be identified or distinguished from one another
  • Properties of the materials do not change
• Types of mixtures


  • Homogenous
  • Heterogeneous
• Solute


  The substance that dissolves or seems to disappear in a homogenous mixture
• Solvent


  The substance that dissolves the solute in a homogenous mixture
• Soluble


  When the solid solute completely dissolves in the liquid solvent
• Insoluble


  When the solid solute does not completely dissolve in the liquid solvent
• Miscible


  When both components are liquids and they can be mixed
• Immiscible


  When both components are liquids and they cannot be mixed
• Gaseous homogenous mixtures


  • Air
  • Neon signs
• Suspension


  Dispersed ingredient's particles are not dissolved in the liquid and later settle at the bottom
• Suspension


  • Particles are larger than 100 nanometers
  • Particles are larger than those in solutions and colloids
  • Particles can be filtered out
• Colloid


  Intermediate between a solution and a suspension, where the particles do not settle out
• Colloid


  • Particles are between 1-100 nanometers
  • Particles are smaller than those in suspensions but larger than those in solutions
  • Particles can be detected by the Tyndall effect
• Colloids


  • Soy sauce
  • Sardine sauce
• Types of colloids


  • Aerosol
  • Solid aerosol
  • Foam
  • Sol
  • Solid foam
  • Gel
  • Emulsion
  • Solid sol
• Aerosol


  A substance enclosed under pressure and able to release as a fine spray by means of a propellant gas
• Emulsion


  Fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible
• Foam


  A colloid in which the particles are gas bubbles and the medium is liquid
• Sol


  A colloid made out of very small solid particles in a continuous medium
• Comparison of properties of solution, colloid, and suspension

  • Particle size
  • Appearance
  • Separation
  • Filterability
  • Effect of beam of light
• Heat


  • Used to cook rice
• Rice quality is sometimes affected by the presence of tiny stones or plant parts mixed together
• Handpicking


  Separates tiny stones from rice grains to make rice safer to consume
• Magnet


  Useful in mining iron and removing metal contaminants from product streams
• Waste is segregated in the community for the utilization of biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials
• Separating mixtures


  Removes unwanted materials, making them available for different purposes
• Decantation


  Allowing a mixture of solute and solvent to stand so the undissolved substance settles, then pouring off the liquid
• Mixtures that can be separated by decantation

  • Oil and water
  • Kerosene and water
• Evaporation


  Applying heat to cause the liquid in a mixture to evaporate, leaving the other component/substance behind
• Evaporation is used to separate homogeneous mixtures where there is one or more dissolved substance
• Evaporation drives off the liquid components from the solid components
• Evaporation processes at home

  • Drying of wet clothes under the sun
  • Cooling of hot milk or tea
• Extreme heat during cooking can cause immediate evaporation of liquid in materials, leading to fire if left unattended
• Filtration


  Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid substance by allowing the liquid to pass through a porous material
• Sieving


  Separating smaller particles from larger materials using a sieve