3.1 Conceptual Modelling

• Types of Models

  • Graphical models
  • Physical Models
  • CAD models
• Graphical models

  Forms: 2D drawings, diagrams, and sketches
• Physical Models

  Forms: clay, cardboard, rapid prototype (eg. 3D printed), other physical materials
• CAD models


  Form: Computer-aided design
• Advantages of concept models


  • allow the client to provide input 
  • designers can explore possibilities without the limitation of producing a working prototype (i.e. lower cost and time)
  • reduce development costs by reducing errors in the production
  • examine proof of concept to confirm that parts will fit together, components will move, etc.
  • communicate the function of the design
  • communicate the aesthetics of the design
  • test materials or production methods
  • gather feedback from users, clients, and design team
  • can be used in user trials
• Disadvantages of concept models

  • simple concept models may leave out or miss important details
  • may not represent the final product
  • materials in the model may not easily or accurately represent the materials used in the final design
  • scaled models may not communicate proportions
  • durability of the concept model may not allow it to be used repeatedly (or at all) in user trials