unit 3 cam

• Mind-body medicine


  • Focuses on the interactions among the brain, mind, body, and behaviour
  • Emotional, mental, social, spiritual, and behavioural factors can directly affect health
• Mind-body medicine approach


  • Respects and enhances each person's capacity for self-knowledge and self-care
  • Emphasizes techniques grounded in this approach
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)


  A type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps people learn how to identify and change destructive or disturbing thought patterns that have a negative influence on behavior and emotions
• Meditation


  A practice that involves focusing or clearing your mind using a combination of mental and physical techniques
• Yoga


  Combines physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation or relaxation
• Acupuncture


  Involves the stimulation of specific points on the body using a variety of techniques, such as penetrating the skin with needles that are then manipulated by hand or by electrical stimulation
• Zen meditation


  A meditation technique rooted in Buddhist psychology, the goal of which is to regulate attention
• Mantra


  A word or phrase repeated during meditation to help release the mind
• Mala beads


  A type of prayer beads
• PTSD


  Posttraumatic stress disorder, a psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event
• OCD


  Obsessive-compulsive disorder, a disorder in which people have recurring, unwanted thoughts, ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make them feel driven to do something repetitively (compulsions)
• Mind-body medicine


  • Also referred to as behavioral medicine, unites biomedical, behavioral, and psychosocial strategies for the promotion of health and the understanding of illness
  • Recognizes that emotional, mental, social, spiritual and behavioural factors can directly affect health
  • Regards as fundamental approach that respects and enhances each person's capacity for self-knowledge and self-care
• Mind-body medicine


  An evolving field of health care based on the belief that a complex interplay of external and internal factors influence the mind, and therefore a person's response and recuperation from disease
• Basic principles of mind-body medicine

  • Each individual is unique, thus the cause of disease and the strategies for cure and healing are unique
  • Chronic stress and lack of balance in one's life contribute to disease and illness
• Although only recently gaining attention in Western medicine, mind-body interventions have been recognized for thousands of years by traditional medical systems
• Mind-body interventions


  • The mind and body are wholly integrated, each with the ability to influence the other
  • A variety of interventions, including the use of relaxation techniques and creative art therapies, have been used to actively involve patients in their own treatment, thereby enhancing the body's inherent healing mechanisms and leading to altered expressions and experiences of illness for patients
• Mind-Body Interventions


  • Acupuncture
  • Aromatherapy
  • Art therapy
  • Biofeedback
  • Dance therapy
  • Deep breathing
  • Hypnotherapy
  • Imagery
  • Meditation
  • Music therapy
  • Prayer
  • Progressive relaxation
  • Qi gong
  • Self-help support groups
  • Tai chi
  • Yoga
• Relaxation techniques


  • Require an environment that is free of distractions and that the participants attain a comfortable position and wear clothing that is nonrestrictive to movement and relaxation
• Biofeedback therapy


  Allows an individual to gain voluntary control over processes within the body that previously were thought to be involuntary
• Biofeedback therapy


  1. Uses electronic equipment to assess and monitor a patient's ability to gain control over a symptom or function

  2. Once control is mastered, the patient is able to recognize early symptoms and take appropriate measures to minimize or alleviate them

  3. A therapist facilitates the process until the patient is able to achieve the desired results on his or her own
• Biofeedback training


  • Has been used to decrease muscle tension and spasm, treat sleep disorders, control urinary and fecal incontinence, relieve chronic pain, and manage esophageal motility abnormalities
  • In patients with cancer, biofeedback training has been used alone or in conjunction with other therapies to prevent anticipatory nausea and vomiting, achieve pain relief, and decrease anxiety and stress related to disease and treatment
• Breath therapy


  Also called breath regulation, consists of a number of techniques designed to increase energy that can be used to promote healing and self-care
• Breath therapy


  • Breathing techniques most commonly are combined with various methods of relaxation to enhance one's ability to cope with stress
  • Proper breathing is necessary for relaxation, to decrease tension, and to enhance calmness
• When under stress


  An individual may experience short, shallow breathing that can cause increased blood levels of carbon monoxide, leading to symptoms such as panic attacks, feeling faint, increased perspiration, muscle tension, and heart palpitations
• Breath regulation therapies


  Intended to diminish or eliminate the symptoms caused by short, shallow breathing under stress
• Proper breathing techniques


  Incorporate diaphragmatic, or abdominal, breathing
• Hypnotherapy


  A state of "heightened awareness" in which suggestions, as posed by the therapist or through autosuggestion (i.e., self-hypnosis), are more likely to be followed
• Hypnotherapy


  • Has been considered a valid form of medical therapy since the early 1950s and is now widely used throughout the world
  • Common forms include deep relaxation, suggestion therapy, and analytic therapy
• Imagery and Visualization


  Techniques that use images or symbols to focus the mind on bodily functions, with the goal of creating physiologic changes or accomplishing a particular goal (e.g., pain relief) through communicating positive thoughts about the desired outcome to the body
• Meditation


  A therapeutic method through which an individual is able to block out nonessential thoughts, raise the mind to a higher level, and, thus, transcend everyday concerns
• Meditation


  • Through meditation, one is believed to be able to come into contact with one's inner energy and emotions, calm the mind, relax the body, and concentrate on the moment
• Meditation therapy


  A method of relaxation and consciousness expansion by focusing on a mantra or a keyword, sound, or image while eliminating outside stimuli from one's awareness
• Common Approach in Meditation

  1. Choosing a quiet spot

  2. Finding a comfortable posture

  3. Focusing attention while remaining open

  4. Duration: one minute to several hours
• Mindfulness meditation


  Originates from Buddhist teachings and is the most popular meditation technique in the West, involving paying attention to your thoughts as they pass through your mind without judging or becoming involved with them
• Spiritual Meditation


  Used in Eastern religions, such as Hinduism and Daoism, and in Christian faith, similar to prayer in that it involves focusing on a higher power or the divine
• Duration


  One minute to several hours
• TAGUM DOCTORS COLLEGE, INC.
• PHARMACY DEPARTMENT
• Types of Meditation


  • Mindfulness meditation
  • Spiritual Meditation
  • Focused Meditation
  • Movement Meditation
  • Mantra Meditation
  • Transcendental Meditation
  • Progressive Relaxation
  • Loving-Kindness Meditation
  • Visualization Meditation
• Mindfulness meditation


  Originates from Buddhist teachings and is the most popular meditation technique in the West. In this type of meditation, you pay attention to your thoughts as they pass through your mind. You don't judge the thoughts or become involved with them. You simply observe and take note of any patterns. This practice combines concentration with awareness. You may find it helpful to focus on an object or your breath while you observe any bodily sensations, thoughts, or feelings. This type of meditation is good for people who don't have a teacher to guide them, as it can be easily practiced alone.