2.4

• Components of ventilation


  • Tidal volume
  • Respiratory rate
  • Minute ventilation
• Ventilation


  Directly affects CO2 removal and the measurement of PaCO2
• Formula to find minute ventilation

  RR * VT= MV
• Normal Respiratory Rate range for an adult

  • 12 - 20
• Adequate respiratory rate range for adults in the ICU

  • 10-30
• Normal Tidal Volume range for an adult

  • 400-700 ml/ kg
• Normal Minute Ventilation range for an adult

  • 5-10 l/min
• Alveolar Ventilation per minute


  Determines the effectiveness of ventilation and removal of carbon dioxide
• Alveolar Ventilation is determined by

  VT, RR, physiologic dead space
• Anatomic dead space


  Volume of gas in conducting airways that does NOT participate in gas exchange
• Alveolar dead space


  Alveoli that are ventilated but not perfused
• How to calculate physiologic dead space

  IBW equation, stop at lbs and divide by 1000
• Alveolar ventilation increases


  PaCO2 decreases
• PaCO2


  Best clinical indicator of alveolar ventilation and provides the best measure of the effectiveness of ventilatory support provided during mechanical ventilation