Test Statistics (Statistical Tools/Statistical Test)

• Things to consider:

  Purpose

  • Comparison - difference
  • Relationship - connection

  Type of Data

  • Categorical - categorizing grouping(nominal) "1 as male, 2 as female"
  • Continuous - decimal values, measuring tools - scaling, can be measured through tools; ordinal - surveys example - rating
• Tests: P - Purpose TD - Type of Data

  1. Chi Squared P: Comparison TD: Categorical
  2. t - Test P: Comparison TD: Categorical & Continuous
  3. Correlation P: Relationship TD: Continuous
• p(sigma); a (level of confidence)

  p < a

  • statistically significant
  • reject the null hypothesis

  p ≥ a

  • not statistically significant
  • accept null hypothesis or not enough evidence to support null hypothesis
• Type of Errors:

  Type 1 Error - reject a true null hypothesis

  Type 2 Error - accept a false null hypothesis
• Descriptive Questions:

  • aim to identify qualities
  • gather data, ash content, volatile matter
  • uses Measure of Central Tendency
• Inferential Question

  • needs to have hypothesis testing
  • needs parametric & non-parametric tools
  • inferential research question, answerable by yes or no