Science

• Mechanical Energy (ME) - It is the sum of energy in motion and stored motion by an object. All moving objects possess mechanical energy.
• Example of Mechanical Energy - windmills, falling water, dancing, playing and moving cars, etc.
• Electrical Energy (EE) - It is the energy possessed by moving electrons that lights the bulb, works all appliances.
• Examples of Electrical Energy - electric circuits, lightning, transmission lines, turned on appliances.
• Chemical Energy - It is an energy stored in bonds of chemical compounds, like atoms and molecules.
• Examples of Chemical Energy - batteries, food, fuel, matchsticks, fireworks, and medicines.
• Heat Energy - It is an energy in transit (transferred from one body to another).
• Examples of Heat Energy - The spoons becomes hot when put in hot soup. The pork becomes cooked after placing near the fire.
• Thermal Energy - It is an energy due to the movement of molecules.
• Examples of Thermal Energy - Sun and hot stove.
• Sound Energy - It is an energy produced by vibrating objects.
• Examples of Sound Energy - radio, television, cell phones, and musical instruments.
• Radiant or Light Energy - It is a form of electromagnetic radiation produced by hot objects that can be seen by the human eye. It travels through a medium or empty space.
• Examples of Light Energy - sun, lighted bulb, candle, laser, fire, and flashlight.
• Mixtures - combinations of two or more substances that can be homogenous or heterogeneous.
• Homogenous mixtures -a gaseous, liquid or solid mixtures that has the same proportion of its components throughout a given sample. (you cannot identify the components that are mixed in).
• Heterogenous mixture - a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. (you can identify the components that are mixed in.)
• Components of the Solar System - It is composed of the sun and all the objects that travel around it. The sun is orbited by planets and their moons, asteroids, comets and other heavenly bodies.
• The eight planets of the Solar System - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
• The Inner Planets or Terrestrial Planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
• Inner Planets - They are solid and are mostly made up of rocks and metal; they do not have rings. These are the planets closer to the sun.
• Outer or Jovian Planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
• Jovian Planet - They are gas giants with no solid surface. They are farther from the Sun than the inner planets.
• Jovian Planets - they all have rings and moons. Of the four gas giants, Saturn has the most prominent ring.
• What are the compositions of the planets?

  Mainly rock and metal. They have silicate mantle surrounding a metallic core composed of mostly iron. (The inner planets have solid surfaces).
• Dwarf Planets - Small celestial bodies orbiting around the sun. Their gravitational pull is too weak to clear its path of other objects. It does not meet the criteria set by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to be considered as a planet.
• Jovian Planets - mostly made up of hydrogen and helium and they have small rocky cores.
• Ice Giants - Uranus and Neptune. The ice giants have an interior composition of compounds like water, methane, and ammonia.
• Mercury - Distance from Sun: 58 million km, Orbital period: 88 days, Radius: 2,439.7 km, Gravity: 3.7 m/s2, Length of day: 59d, Average Temperature: -183°C to 427°C, Distinct Characteristics: barren; crater covered surface.
• Venus - Distance from the sun: 108.2 million km, Orbital period: 225 days, Length of day: 243d, Temperature: 480°C, Distinct Characteristics: the brightest object in the sky; almost the same size as Earth.
• Earth - Age: 4.543 billion years old, Average temperature: 14°C, Distinct characteristics: a planet where life exists; has water on its surface and atmosphere that allows life to flourish.
• Mars -Distance from the sun: 227.9 million km, Length of day: 1d 0h 37m, Average temperature: -63°C, Distinct Characteristics: red planet.
• Jupiter - Average distance from the sun: 778.5 million km, Length of day: 9h 56m, Average temperature -130°C, Distinct characteristics: has an ever-changing whirlpool of storms know as Great Red Spot.
• Saturn: Distance from the sun: 1.434 billion km, Length of day: 10h 34m, Average temperature: -130°C, distinct characteristics: has extensive and complex ring system.
• Uranus - Length of day: 17h 14m, Discovered: March 13, 1781, Average temperature: -195°C, distinct characteristic: coldest planet
• Neptune - distance from the sun: 4.495 billion km, Length of day: 16h 6m, average temperature: -201°C, distinct characteristics: blue planet made up of methane