Jamero

• Circuit-Switched


  A network is made of a set of switches connected by physical links, in which each link is divided into n channels
• Packet-Switched


  A network is a cross between a circuit-switched network and a datagram network. It has some characteristics of both
• Links


  The communication pathways that connect these nodes, allowing data to be transmitted between them
• Framing


  The Data Link Layer converts the raw bitstream from the Physical Layer into manageable data units that encapsulate the network layer packets with necessary headers and trailers
• MAC (Media Access Control)


  The lower sublayer of the Data Link Layer
• Data link control (DLC)


  Deals with procedures for communication
• Framing


  The Data Link Layer converts the raw bitstream from the Physical Layer into ______. These are manageable data units that encapsulate the network layer packets with necessary headers and trailers.
• Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)


  A negative acknowledgment with alternative options
• Byte stuffing


  The primary purpose is to prevent control characters in the data payload from being misinterpreted
• Character-Oriented Framing


  Uses 8-bit character codes and typically involves a header with sender and destination addresses
• Broadcast Address


  A type of address that means one-to-all communication
• Address Resolution Protocol


  Helps devices on a network communicate with each other by translating between MAC and IP addresses
• Error detection and correction techniques


  The primary purpose is to ensure the accuracy and integrity of transmitted data
• Parity checking


  Works by adding an extra bit to make the total number of 1s even or odd
• Checksum


  Used to detect errors by summing up data bytes
• Hamming Codes


  An error correction technique that uses extra bits to allow for the detection and correction of errors
• Bit synchronization


  The physical layer provides this to ensure that the sender and receiver use the same bit durations and timing
• Simple Protocol


  A simple and common data-link protocol that includes the Stop-and-Wait Protocol
• Collision


  Occurs if even a single bit of one frame overlaps with a bit from another frame
• Media Access Control (MAC)


  The data link layer consists of 2 sub layers, Data Link Control and this
• Idle Medium


  When stations can transmit in the Random-Access Protocol
• ALOHA

  A Random-Access protocol type that means "Greeting from Hawaii"
• Vulnerable ALOHA


  One of the two types of ALOHA that can produce a vulnerable time equivalent to Tfr
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)


  A protocol that allows multiple stations to share the same medium
• Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)


  CSMA/CA have, which CSMA does not have
• The year the Computer Society of Electrical and Electronics Engineers created a project called Project 802

  1985
• Ethernet Evolution

  The four types are Standard, Fast, Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit
• Ethernet Payload

  Minimum is 46 bytes, Maximum is 1500 bytes
• Byte

  If 6 bytes are equivalent to 48 bits, then 1 byte is 8 bits
• IEEE MAC Frame

  Its components are: Preamble, Start Frame Delimeter (SFD), Destination MAC Address, Source MAC Address, Length / Type Field, Data and Pad and Frame Check Sequence (FCS)
• Fast Ethernet

  The Ethernet Evolution code is 802.3u
• Ethernet Bridging

  There are two types: Without Bridging and With Bridging
• Switched Ethernet

  The capacity of the bandwidth that is only shared between the station and the switch is 5 Mbps each
• Types of Wired LAN Ethernet

  • Bridges Ethernet
  • Switched Ethernet
  • Full Duplex Ethernet
• Full Duplex Ethernet

  Uses 2 links, one for transmit and one for receive
• SONET frame transmission

  The bytes are transmitted from left to the right, top to bottom
• Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)


  A standard developed by ANSI for fiber-optic networks, and is a synchronous TDM system
• ATM LAN


  The backbone that connects traditional LANS uses ATM technology
• ATM Adaptation Level 5 (AAL5)


  In ATM, this is for packets requiring no sequencing and no error control mechanism
• Bluetooth Radio layer


  Roughly equivalent to the Physical layer