Therapeutic Communication chapters

• Areas of Multicultural Communication


  • Become familiar in Beliefs and culture
  • Understanding Barriers in Communication
  • Build skills that faster in communication
• Barriers in Multicultural Communication

  • Racism
  • Lack of Knowledge
  • Bias, Prejudice, Ethonetism
  • Fear and Distrust
  • Health care rituals
  • Stereotyping
  • Language
  • Difference in perception and exception
• Strategies for Multicultural Communication

  • Television
  • Trying food from the culture
  • Having Luncheons of trying different food
  • Enjoying food from restaurants
  • Staff member culture of the month study
• Racism


  Someone who thinks that a certain race of people are better than another
• Racism


  Creates distrust on other groups of people, Implied to segregation, prejudice etc.
• Eliminating Racism


  1. Discussing different topic to others to help them understand feelings and Racism

  2. Commit to changing attitudes
• Bias


  A statement that someone makes about someone's belief
• Prejudice


  A statement made Judgmentally about someone's race
• Ethnocentrism


  A statement where someone thinks someone else's culture is better than another
• Common Biases and Prejudices Today

  • Western Medicine
  • Becoming Hostile to someone because of their race
  • Disrespectful to someone's race/ religion
  • Prejudice against someone's sexual preference
  • Provider based on gender
• Stereotyping


  Thinking everyone is the same
• Health Care Rituals


  Protocol while having an appointment, Using Phrase "All "Always or"Never
• Perception


  Intuition - Must be verified/valid
• Exception


  Events we anticipate based on communication
• Types of Cross-Culture Communication

  • Low Complex: Using relative detail and Information as possible
  • High Complex: Based on the perception of body language
  • Caregiver: Someone who is in the care of someone else
• Cross-Culture Communication Focuses


  • Future Timed Focus: Understanding that their care will be taken care of in the future, Times out their Day, Prompts for appointment and expects the same from others
  • Present Focus: Less Chances that needs will be met, May find it difficult on improving the future, Limits are place in advance
  • Past Focus: Honoring Elder Relatives (Alive or Dead), Respecting their Elders, Seeing Times as continues
• Folk Medicine


  The use of Medicine using herbs and plants - Some are dangerous while others are not, Some practice in their homes
• Cultural Perspectives on Healthcare

  • White/Western Culture: Highly agrees on Western Medicine, will go to surgery and have a caregiver
  • African Americans: More in a Present Focus, Mostly will have a caregiver or other relatives of different culture
  • African/Caribbean: will accept western medicine but will turn to home remedies, will have caregiver or parental Figure
  • Asian: will accept western medicine but will still turn to natural folklore, will have female caregivers, References from touching head since head indicates the soul
  • Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: Sees eye contact as disrespectful, Accept Western Medicine but Sees Mother Nature as Healing, Has mostly relatives or family members as caregivers
  • Hispanic/Latinax: Accepts Western Medicine Since Illnesses are seen as a Sin, Eye Contact is necessary, Has relatives/Family as caregivers
• Interpreters


  Useful for speech and difficulty Hearing, Should respect people and their culture, Helps with increase in quality with Healthcare patients, Help clients understand what is required
• About 31 billion people use CAM
• Adults ages 18 to 30 used yoga
• Yoga and Meditation were the main components used in CAM
• CAM


  • Helpful for people who have Cancer related problems
  • Specializes in many different categories (Nature Products, Mind and Body Medicine, Manipulation and Body Based Practices)
  • Useful for people who want to get better
  • Relieves Stress, pain and mood
• Nature Products in CAM

  • Dietary Supplements
  • Probiotics
• Mind and Body Medicine in CAM


  • Meditation
  • Yoga
  • Acupuncture
• Allopathic Medicine


  • Focuses on Holistic Health
  • Focuses on Natural Products
  • Focuses on Integrative Medicine
• Complementary Medicine


  • Includes many variety of practices
  • May have potential Side effects
• Naturopathy Education/License


  Must Graduate from 4-year level program<|>Must take the NPLEX<|>Licensed in 23 states (Puerto Rico, Columbia, U.S Virginia islands)
• Homeopathy Education/License


  Must Graduate from 4-year professional program<|>Training must involve Medical/4 year degree<|>Licensed in U.S (Arizona, Connecticut, and Nevada)
• Mind/Body Therapies


  • Biofeedback
  • Imagery/Visualization
  • Journaling
  • Reiki
  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Hypnosis/Hypnotherapy
• Many Alternative Medicine is not backed up by Scientific factors which can be harmful
• One Negative component of traditional therapy is may not be effective to all health conditions
• Alternative Therapy can help with mental Health, pain relief and Comfort
• Traditional Therapy can become more safe and Healthier than pharmacological Substances
• Helping Interview


  Interview between the client and helping professional
• Three areas of a helping interview

  • Orientation: The professional and the client
  • Identification: Identify the client's problem
  • Resolution: Solving the client's problem
• Individual giving help

  Individual needing help
• Emotional states of the client

  • Happy
  • Depressed
  • Gratitude
  • Useless or hopeless
  • Important
  • Angry
• Preparing for an interview


  • Rooms should be clean, organized and all exam rooms should be ready
  • Room should have comfortable seating (client and guest should be able to sit with each other)
  • Greet client by name, avoiding informal information
  • Avoid asking "How are you"
  • Follow at the same speed as patient
  • Give full name/title
• Attributes for a helping interview

  • Risk/Trust: As trust increases, client is more open to talk about other problems
  • Warmth/Caring: Using calm voice
  • Genuineness: Being honest with others, no placing blame
  • Sympathy/Empathy: Sympathy - Acknowledge and respond to patient's emotional state, Empathy - Accepts someone else as their own, be sensitive to others
  • Sincerity: Forthright, candid, and truthful